PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
a highly jointed Precambrian plutonic and metamorphic complex. Other than an elevated geothermal gradient (about 64°C/km), the only volcanic association of the reservoir rock is in the contained pore fluids which are high in dissolved carbon dioxide, and contain trace amounts of hydrogen sulfide. While Fenton Hill was selected primarily on the basis of favorable heat flow and the lack of structural complexity in the anticipated reservoir rock, its location on a paved road made it easy to bring in heavy equipment. In addition, although the western flank of the caldera is heavily forested, a fire had destroyed much of the vegetation at the Fenton Hill site. Thus, the environmental impact of the project in this highly scenic area was small. Finally, the Fenton Hill site, as a part of the Santa Fe National Forest, was under the jurisdiction of the US Forest Service. It was therefore a simple matter to arrange an inter-governmental agreement to transfer management (but not ownership) of the land to the DOE. Los Alamos could then operate the site under its role as a contractor to the DOE. For all of these reasons, Fenton Hill appeared to be a good permanent site for carrying out HDR research and development. The Phase I HDR Reservoir. Development of the world's first HDR system was initiated at Fenton Hill in 1974. The first borehole was drilled in granitic rock to a depth of 2900 m where the temperature was 197°C . After a series of hydraulic fracturing experiments, a second wellbore was drilled toward the largest of the near-vertical, stimulated natural joints. A good connection was not immediately achieved, and sidetracking was necessary to establish contact with the initial well via a combination of induced and natural fracture pathways. The Phase I system was evaluated in a series of flow experiments from 1978 to 1980 (Dash et al. 1980). In the first flow test, water was circulated through the reservoir for 75 days in early 1978. The significant thermal drawdown (from 175°C to 85°C ) indicated that only a small heat transfer area existed. A second 28-day test in late 1978 assessed the effects of imposing a high backpressure on the production wellbore. This strategy was found to reduce flow impedance but not to increase the surface area of heat extraction. The reservoir was then enlarged by further hydraulic fracturing and two more flow experiments were conducted: First, a flow test lasting 23 days was carried out to quantify the operating performance of the enlarged reservoir. This was followed by a 286-day heat extraction flow test during which the reservoir temperature declined from an initial value of 156°C to a final level of 149°C . At the end of this series of flow tests, a short stress-unlocking experiment was performed. It entailed applying an elevated pressure to the reservoir in order to facilitate relative movement of joint surfaces and the resulting redistribution of fluid flow and/or the opening of new fluid pathways in the cooled reservoir rock. There were abundant indications of seismic activity within the reservoir during the pressurization experiment, and subsequent flow measurements suggested that the reservoir impedance had indeed been reduced. However, the system was not operated long enough following the stress-unlocking experiment to demonstrate that the improved flow conditions could be maintained for an extended length of time. The pioneering work with the Phase I HDR reservoir proved that heat could be extracted from HDR using the techniques conceived and developed at Los Alamos. In addition, it indicated that issues such as induced seismicity, water consumption, and fluid geochemistry (including its effect on the system components), would not present insurmountable problems in operating an HDR heat mine. This initial field work highlighted the dynamic nature of HDR reservoirs, even under steady- 3PDF Image | Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development in the USA
PDF Search Title:
Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Development in the USAOriginal File Name Searched:
HDRintheUS.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |