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III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES SWITZERLAND 16.2. Government Expenditure on Geothermal R&D In 2004 the Swiss Government, through the Federal Office of Energy, has supported various geothermal R&D projects with a total sum of about 1 M €. 16.3 Current Status of Geothermal Energy Use 16.3.1 Electricity Generation So far there is no electricity generation from geothermal sources in Switzerland. However there is a substantial project underway (DHM: Deep Heat Mining) with the aim to establish EGS-type co-generation plants based on the EGS principle at sites in Basle and Geneva, within the next 10 years. At the Basel site a recently drilled 2.7 km deep exploration well has been equipped with seismic instrumentation to record natural and artificial seismicity. At the Geneva site detailed investigations are conducted to place the first exploratory drilling. So far the DHM project has been co-funded by federal and local governments. In 2004, significant funding for the next DHM project phase in Basel (including drilling to 5 km, stimulation, circulation tests) has been secured by the local parliament (20 M €). Commercial companies are also contributing. 16.3.2 Direct Use There is now new statistic material, covering the years 2002 and 2003 (Signorelli, et al. 2004). The numbers for 2004 have been estimated from these data by extrapolation. Tables 16.1 and 16.2 show the results. The most common technology for direct use applies borehole heat exchanger (BHE)-heat pump coupled systems. Their share is by far the highest among the other categories (see Tables 16.1 and 16.2). Table 16.1 Installed capacity for direct use in Switzerland in 2004. Energy Source/Use GHP with borehole heat exchangers (including shallow horizontal coils) GHP with groundwater Thermal springs/boreholes (balneology) Deep aquifers Tunnel waters Deep borehole heat exchangers Geostructures (“energy piles”) Total * Heating: 4.8 MWt, cooling: 2.2 MWt Capacity Percent of (MWt) Total (%) 450.0 77 75.4 12.9 40.8 7.0 6.1 1.0 5.2 0.9 0.2 0.03 7.0* 1.2 584.7 100.0 IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 95PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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