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III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES MEXICO CHAPTER 14 Mexico 4.1 Introduction Geothermal energy is, by far, the most important non-conventional renewable energy source utilized in Mexico. Although there is some tradition for direct uses of geothermal energy, mainly related to balneology, the most important use is for electricity generation. Geothermal development for electricity generation started in Mexico in 1959, with the commissioning of the first commercial plant in the Pathé field (central Mexico). By December 2004 the geothermal-based installed capacity for electricity generation reached 953 MWe, placing Mexico in third place worldwide. 14.2 National Policy About 86% of the installed capacity for electricity generation belongs to the two government- owned utilities, namely the Comisión Federal de Electricidad (CFE) and Luz y Fuerza del Centro (LyFC). CFE is responsible for all electricity generated with geothermal steam. This primary energy source has been utilized for decades for power generation; the technology is considered mature, and it is set to compete under the same bases as fossil fuel, conventional hydro and nuclear technologies. CFE is currently doing feasibility studies to increase the installed capacity and replace some of the older power plants. The aim is to replace 75 MWe with 100 MWe, using the same amount of steam. CFE is also considering increasing 25 to 50 MWe in Los Humeros and is taking steps to install 75 MWe in the partially developed Cerritos Colorados field. Undeveloped areas with geothermal potential are also being studied (see below). 14.3 Current Status of Geothermal Energy Use 14.3.1 Electricity Generation The installed capacity of 953 MWe is distributed among the four producing geothermal fields as follows: Cerro Prieto (720 MWe), Los Azufres (188 MWe), Los Humeros (35 MWe) and Las Tres Vírgenes (10 MWe). The total electricity generated with geothermal steam during 2004 was 6,360 GWh. There were no new developments during 2004. During the year 2004, CFE drilled a total of 12 new geothermal wells, 5 in the Cerro Prieto field (9 producers and 3 injectors). Electricity generation from geothermal sources represented about 3.0 % of total production. The geothermal contribution to electricity generation is more than 1.5 times higher than its contribution to the installed capacity, reflecting the very high capacity factor. IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 87PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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