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energy conversion system, which adopts two recuperators and two compressors. To establish normal operating conditions, the total reactor system is composed of a primary heat transport system (PHTS), an intermediate heat transport system (IHTS), and a supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle as an energy conversion system (ECS). Systems are interconnected with heat exchanging system for energy transfer. The core heat in the PHTS is transferred to the IHTS by way of the intermediate heat exchangers and then transferred to the Brayton cycle through the Na-CO2 heat exchangers (HX). Supercritical CO2 gas of high pressure and temperature is used to operate the turbine system and generate electrical energy through an expansion process. The primary and intermediate heat transport system of the KALIMER-600 Rankine cycle was used to establish normal operating conditions for the KALIMER-600 S-CO2 Brayton cycle. Thus, the IHTS heat of the KALIMER-600 reactor (1528.9 MWt) was transferred to the power conversion system of the Brayton cyle through the Na-CO2 HX. While the thermal balance between the PHTS and the IHTS was calculated by using the DENOP, that between the ITHS and Brayton cycle was established by the RECOBA code. To establish a thermal balance between the PHTS and the IHTS, the required design parameters such as the Na- CO2 HX temperature and pressure of the side of the S- CO2 Brayton cycle, the compression works, the net electric power output, the pump efficiencies, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the core, and the system pressure drop were adopted from those values for the KALIMER-600 Rankine cycle [9]. The temperature distribution of the IHTS, which is important in establishing a thermal balance, was determined in order to minimize the heat-transfer areas of the IHX and Na-CO2 HX and to simultaneously approach the effectiveness of the HX. The input values for the analysis of the thermal balance are summarized in Table 1, in which the isentropic efficiencies were used for the S-CO2 turbomachineries. In order to establish a thermal balance in the Brayton cycle, design parameters such as the inlet and outlet temperatures and cycle’s effectiveness for Na-CO2 HX, the efficiencies of the turbine and compressors, and the flow-split ratio in the downstream of the low temperature recuperator (LTR) are required. In this analysis, the exit temperature of the Na-CO2 HX was assigned as 508 oC, which was determined in order to limit the maximum heat-transfer tube length to within 11 m for the shell and the tube type heat exchanger. The efficiencies of the turbine and the two compressors and the effectiveness of the LTR and HTR were calculated based on the conceptual design of the components, since there is no reference value up to now. The flow-split ratio at the downstream of the LTR was determined from the preliminary analysis of the correlation between the heat transfer area of the LTR and the cycle efficiency. The flow-split ratio of the directions to the cooler and to the compressor were assigned at 71% and 29%, respectively. The reason for these figures is explained in the following section. CHAetal., DevelopmentofaSupercriticalCO2BraytonEnergyConversionSystemCoupledwithaSodiumCooledFastReactor Fig. 1. Normal Operating Condition of the S-CO2 Brayton Cycle Oupled to the KALIMER-600 NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL.41 NO.8 OCTOBER 2009 1027PDF Image | DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON ENERGY CONVERSION
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