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DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON ENERGY CONVERSION

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DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON ENERGY CONVERSION ( development-supercritical-co2-brayton-energy-conversion )

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DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPERCRITICAL CO2 BRAYTON ENERGY CONVERSION SYSTEM COUPLED WITH A SODIUM COOLED FAST REACTOR JAE-EUN CHA*, TAE-HO LEE, JAE-HYUK EOH, SUNG-HWAN SEONG, SEONG-O KIM, DONG-EOK KIM, MOO- HWAN KIM, TAE-WOO KIM and KYUN-YUL SUH KAERI, 305-353, DukJin-Dong 150, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea 1 POSTECH, 790-784, San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang, Korea 2 Seoul National University, 151-744, San 56-1, Sillim-dong, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea *Corresponding author. E-mail : jecha@kaeri.re.kr Received December 30, 2008 Accepted for Publication April 27, 2009 Systematic research has been conducted by KAERI to develop a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle energy conversion system coupled with a sodium cooled fast reactor. For the development of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle ECS, KAERI researched four major fields, separately. For the system development, computer codes were developed to design and analyze the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle ECS coupled with the KALIMER-600. Computer codes were developed to design and analyze the performance of the major components such as the turbomachinery and the high compactness PCHE heat exchanger. Three dimensional flow analysis was conducted to evaluate their performance. A new configuration for a PCHE heat exchanger was developed by using flow analysis, which showed a very small pressure loss compared with a previous PCHE while maintaining its heat transfer rate. Transient characteristics for the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle coupled with KALIMER-600 were also analyzed using the developed computer codes. A Na-CO2 pressure boundary failure accident was analyzed with a computer code that included a developed model for the Na-CO2 chemical reaction phenomena. The MMS-LMR code was developed to analyze the system transient and control logic. On the basis of the code, the system behavior was analyzed when a turbine load was changed. This paper contains the current research overview of the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle coupled to the KALIMER-600 as an alternative energy conversion system. KEYWORDS : Supercritical CO2, Brayton Cycle, Energy Conversion System, SFR, KALIMER-600, PCHE 1. INTRODUCTION A sodium cooled fast reactor, which is a candidate for the next generation reactor, has had a traditional Rankine cycle as its energy conversion system up to now. Recently, the research on the power cycle for the next generation reactor has been conducted and the supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle has been presented as a promising alternative to the current Rankine cycle. The supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle provides improved plant efficiencies relative to the gas recuperated (e.g., helium) considering Brayton cycles and Rankine steam cycles operating at the same reactor core outlet temperatures and core power levels. The high fluid density of supercritical CO2 remarkably reduces the size of turbine and compressors, resulting in significant reductions in the size and capital cost of the turbomachinery. Dostal et. al. [1,2] have proposed the use of such a cycle and have calculated that cycle efficiencies as high as 45 percent might be achieved using a recompression cycle in which half of the flow passes through a heat sink precooler and in which the supercritical CO2 is heated by the reactor to temperatures as high as 550 oC. The reduced component size makes it possible to reduce the size of the turbine generator building. JAEA preliminarily estimated the size of the reactor building. Compared with a conventional SFR system that has a secondary sodium circuit and a steam cycle system, the size of the SFR that adopts an S- CO2 system is reduced by approximately 20% [3]. From the cost reduction of component size and turbine building, the expected cost reduction of electricity generation seems to be more than 7~8% of total construction cost of the nuclear power plant. As the design is in a preliminary stage, further study is needed for a more detailed estimation. The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has conducted systematic research to develop supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle energy conversion systems and to evaluate their performance when they are coupled to advanced nuclear reactor concepts of the type investigated NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL.41 NO.8 OCTOBER 2009 1025

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