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reduce its emissions substantially. Nearly 60 percent of Danish electricity is produced in CHP plants, compared to a global national average of only 9 percent. Regional Planning Optimizes Resources In 1984, the five Mayors of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Gentofte, Gladsaxe and Taarnby decided to scale up and set up a common wholesale district heating network. This heating transmission backbone is analogous to the high tension electricity transmission business, operating out of a modern operations control center in Frederiksberg. The Metropolitan Copenhagen Heating Transmission (CTR) runs the system in partnership with an affiliated company in the west of the city, known as VEKS. The two networks, CTR and VEKS are interconnected so that excess heat and/or reserve capacity in the one area can be utilized by the other and as a result, the district heating system is extremely reliable. The wholesale heat networks collect, dispatch and manage heat supply from four CHP stations, four waste incinerators and more than 50 peak load boiler plants with more than 20 distribution companies in one large pool-operated system, with a total heat production of around 30,000 terajoules. Copenhagen takes 70% of its total heat. The combined capital investment of 3 billion DKK ($ 562 million) for the network was financed through foreign currency loans and tax incentives for the energy companies. Figure 2. Avedøre 1 & 2 CHP plants are over 90% efficient. (photo courtesy Jorgen K.H. Knudsen) Copyright ©2009 International District Energy Association. All rights reserved. 3PDF Image | Copenhagens District Heating System
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