PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 001
Copenhagen’s District Heating System – Recycling Waste Heat Reduces Carbon Emissions and Delivers Energy Security By Robert P. Thornton When the world’s energy and environmental policy leaders converge in Copenhagen for the UN Climate Change Conference, they will be meeting, eating, sleeping and blogging in buildings served with clean thermal energy from one of the world’s best kept secrets—district heating. Copenhagen boasts one of the world’s greenest and most innovative district heating systems, with 80% of the heat recovered from electricity generating stations - heat that is normally wasted and exhausted to oceans or the atmosphere – also known as combined heat and power (CHP). 97% of the city’s 35,000 buildings do not have boilers or furnaces and instead receive hot water or steam for space heating from an underground piping network. Additional heat is supplied from municipal waste incineration, biomass, and other renewable fuels. District heating is the foundation for Copenhagen’s transformation to one of the world’s most sustainable and energy-efficient cities, yet energy and climate policies rarely consider thermal energy. Emphasis on district heating and combined heat and power has been fundamental to cutting dependence on foreign oil, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and strengthening Denmark’s economy. Recycling waste heat on this scale allows Copenhagen to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 655,000 tonnes of CO2 and displace 1.4 million barrels of oil annually. District heating supplies over 165 million square feet of building space for 1.2 million citizens with space heating and domestic hot water in Greater Copenhagen (see Figure 1). Although nearly forty percent of energy is consumed in heating and cooling buildings and industrial process heat, most energy and climate policies tend to overlook thermal energy and focus on renewable electricity. In contrast to the attention paid to spinning offshore wind turbines or gleaming blue solar panels, district energy is the Rodney Dangerfield of technologies and seems to “get no respect at all”. The world’s policy leaders would be well-served to take note of Copenhagen’s success in harvesting useful thermal energy to cut emissions, conserve fuel and stimulate economic growth. Oil Embargo as Catalyst for Policy Change It wasn’t always clean and green in Copenhagen. 36 years ago, at the time of the first oil embargo of 1973, Denmark relied on almost 80% imported oil. A severe price shock and supply curtailment nearly froze the Danish economy as the oil embargo triggered emergency nationwide measures to conserve oil, including a moratorium against driving on Sunday. Determined to reduce their economic exposure to foreign supply volatility, the Danish federal government, in conjunction with municipal governments, began a shift to energy efficiency through combined heat and power and to indigenous energy supplies and away from fossil fuels. Copyright ©2009 International District Energy Association. All rights reserved. 1PDF Image | Copenhagens District Heating System
PDF Search Title:
Copenhagens District Heating SystemOriginal File Name Searched:
IDEA_Copenhagen_District_Heating.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |