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Figure 2: Simple Recuperated Brayton Cycle The IST is designed to generate nominally 100 kWe at a relatively modest turbine inlet temperature of 570°F (299°C) as shown in the design full power heat balance (Figure 3). The design state points were selected to support the main goal of the IST of developing control system technologies without the additional component development that would be required for increased temperatures and pressures. The overall loop efficiency is much lower than is predicted for larger S-CO2 Brayton cycles due to the small scale of the IST equipment, modest temperatures, relatively high losses due to windage, and selection of the compressor inlet design point well away from the critical point to maximize system control flexibility. It is noted that turbomachinery windage is ~19% of the system output and that the turbo-compressor windage is less than the turbo-generator due to its rotor/stator being half the length of the turbo-generator. Figure 3: IST Design Full Power Heat Balance The IST component layout is shown in Figure 4, and Figure 5 shows the physical arrangement of the test loop. The heat source for the IST is a 1 MW rated electrically heated organic heat transfer fluid system which transfers heat to the CO2 through a standard shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The heat sink is a chilled water system which rejects heat from the precooler and other heat loads to a refrigerated chiller. This chilled water system is broken into two loops so that cooling flow can always be provided to auxiliary heat loads throughout the system while the precooler can either be cooled from this chilled loop or heated during startup through a separate water loop to achieve supercritical conditions in the CO2. Figure 4: IST Component Arrangement 2 Copyright © 2013 by ASMEPDF Image | SCO2 BRAYTON CYCLE DEVELOPMENT OVERVIEW
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