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In solar thermal plants, solar energy is being concentrated by parabolic troughs and used as an input heat source for a power cycle. The solar collectors can work at a temperature range of 300°C – 400°C. For a long time, this technology was linked to the traditional Steam Rankine Cycle for power generation. However, since the Steam Rankine Cycle needs higher temperature and a higher installed power in order to be profitable, the Organic Rankine Cycle that can work at much lower temperatures especially during periods of low solar radiation, offers a smaller equipment size and has good efficiency at such low temperatures. Utility scale solar thermal power plants is a well proven technology internationally. The parabolic dish, the solar tower and the parabolic trough are the three major technologies that are used to generate power in solar thermal technology. Geothermal energy is widely available and offers a broad range of temperatures, and the ORC technology is already applied for several decades to these heat sources. For low to medium temperature heat sources, the ORC is a favourable power generation cycle. This is a widespread application in Germany and in the rest of the developed world. For biomass fired boilers, often an ORC i s preferred because of the lower operating pressure. The condenser heat can be used in (biomass) drier applications or for district heating. A list of some of the most established companies in the market and their technology range is provided in Table 1. Among these players, ORMAT has supplied a 4.2 MW waste heat recovery system based on ORC technology to the UltraTech cement plant in Andhra Pradesh in India. table 1: non-exhaustive list of the main orc manufacturers manufacturer applications Power range heat source temperature technology ORMAT, US Geothermal, WHR, solar 200 kWe - 72 MWe 150°C - 300°C Fluid: n-pentane Turboden, Italy CHP, geothermal 200 kWe - 2 MWe 100°C - 300°C Fluids: OMTS, Solkatherm Axial Turbines Adoratec, Germany CHP 315 - 1600 kWe 300°C Fluid: OMTS GMK, Germany WHR, Geothermal, CHP 50 kWe - 2 MWe 120°C - 350°C 3000 rpm Multi-stage axial turbines (KKK) Fluid: GL 160 (GMK) patented Koehler-Ziegler, Germany CHP 70 - 200 kWe 150°C - 270°C Fluid: Hydrocarbons Screw expander UTC, US WHR, Geothermal 280 kWe > 93°C Cryostar WHR, Geothermal n/a 100°C - 400°C Radial inflow turbine Fluids: R245fa, R134a Freepower, UK WHR 6 kWe - 120 kWe 180°C - 225°C Tri-o-gen, Netherlands WHR 160 kWe > 350°C Turbo - expander Electratherm, US WHR 50 kWe > 93°C Twin screw expander Infinity Turbine WHR 250 kWe > 80°C Fluid: R134a Radial Turboexpander Source: Open Repository and Bibliography, Technological and Economic Survey of Organic Rankine Cycle Systems http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/14609/1/ ECEMEI_PaperULg_SQVL090916.pdf 13PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
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