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MARKET POTENTIAL STUDY FOR ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA prevent moisture from reaching the metallic turbine blades, thereby reducing the erosion levels to almost nil; y The systems have very simple start up procedures coupled with automatic and continuous operation, which rules out the requirement of continuous operator attention; y Simple treatment of water is enough for supply to the system, for which no expense is there on special water treatment; y Since the organic compounds used have much higher molecular mass than water, the turbine blades rotate slowly resulting in a much lower vapour pressure of the system, which in turn results in much higher system stability. Disadvantages y The biggest weakness of the technology is the apparent low conversion efficiency of thermal energy into electricity (between 10% and 25%). The main reason of this low efficiency is the low operating temperature; but for the same operating temperatures, the SRC will not achieve any higher efficiency than the ORC given the thermodynamic limitations as explained above. However, the overall system efficiency can be increased to more than 95%, if the hot water (used to condense the hot organic fluid) in the heat exchanger can be used (for a variety of purposes such as for district heating or for cooling through vapour absorption machines or for cooking food or for preheating purposes or for various industrial purposes). It must be noted here that the temperature of this hot water is much lower than the heat stream on which the ORC system is running, but usable for other purposes. y The use of certain organic fluids needs more stringent security measures compared to the steam cycle because of their higher flammability and, in some cases, toxicity compared to water or steam. However, given the large number of installations of varying sizes across the world, and the fact that the entire system is a closed system with very little or zero chances of leakage, the flammability or the toxicity issue can be deemed as quite negligible ones. y Process plants of small production capacities do not find ORC technology much attractive, unless the cost of power from conventional supply systems is very high. For example, Cement plants having capacities lower than 3000 tons per day capacity are unlikely to use ORC technology for power generation, unless the alternative cost of power from the normal power supply is extremely high. y This technology is relatively new in India and there is only one manufacturer in the country. Import duties and custom duties may make this imported technology too expensive to be used in many of the industries, unless subsidies and tax holidays are provided to incentivise energy efficiency achieved. y Since the technology is not yet in the mainstream unlike in Germany or other developed countries, there is also a need for large scale capacity building of the operators and maintenance technicians of the systems. Currently, the manufacturer of the equipment, if based out of India, would really find it difficult to provide after sales service if it imports and sells the systems in the country, which then would become a reason for many people to shy away from installing the systems for a fear of system breakdown. Geothermal power plant close to El Centro, California (Photo by Warren Gretz / NREL , NREL No. 00442) 4PDF Image | ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE TECHNOLOGY IN INDIA
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