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2170, Page 1 Nanofluids Application as Nanolubricants in Heat Pumps Systems Laura FEDELE1,*, Laura COLLA1, Mauro SCATTOLINI1, Filippo BELLOMARE2, Sergio BOBBO1 1Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per le Tecnologie della Costruzione, Padova, Italy Ph: +39 049 829 5831; Fax +39 049 829 5728; laura.fedele@itc.cnr.it, laura.colla@itc.cnr.it, sergio.bobbo@itc.cnr.it 2Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy, filippo.bellomare@studenti.unipd.it *Corresponding Author ABSTRACT In the past few years, various applications have been proposed for nanofluids in the Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) field; their use as primary and secondary fluids, also as lubricants, was kept into account to improve the systems performance. The present work was developed to test the applicability of nanofluids as lubricants in the compressors of heat pump systems, with the purpose to experimentally detect the possible positive effects of nanolubricants. Several nanolubricants, formed by Polyolester (POE) or mineral oil as base fluid, and titanium oxide (TiO2) or single wall carbon nano-horns (SWCNH) as nanoparticles, were studied in a dedicated test rig. In contrast with the published literature, no improvement was detected using nanofluids instead of commercial oil. All results will be discussed in detail in the paper. Keywords: nanofluid, POE, mineral oil, titanium oxide, single wall carbon nano-horns 1. INTRODUCTION Performance improvements in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) applications are a stringent requirement in the industry, even if it seems that all the system features have already reached their maximum efficiency. Nanotechnologies and, in particular, nanofluids can supply interesting possibilities in this direction. In literature, several applications of nanofluids in HVAC&R have been studied, both as primary or secondary fluids. In particular, some very recent papers suggested their use as lubricants in the compressors, promising improvement in the total system efficiency, due to better thermal dissipation, lower wearing and improved lubrication properties. Ahamed et al. (2011) published a review on exergy analysis of vapour compression system, finding a reduction in the energy losses when nanofluids are used as nanolubricants instead of base lubricants. Even Lee et al. (2006-2007) reported a decrease in the friction coefficients for scroll compressors when lubricants added with nanoparticles are employed. More specifically, Wang et al. (2003) analysed the influence of adding titanium oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles in mineral oil to improve the solubility of HFC. They studied a refrigeration system working with R134a and mineral oil added with TiO2 nanoparticles; better performances than using polyolester (POE) oil and R134a were obtained and a larger return of lubricant to the compressor was observed. In Bi et al. (2008) the operation of a domestic refrigerator, working with R134a and a mineral oil added with TiO2 and aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles, instead of POE oil, was analysed. Results highlight about 26% increase of refrigerator performance compared to the use of R134a with POE oil, with a nanoparticles concentration around 0.1% in mass. Similar results were found by Subramani and Prakash (2011). They employed Al2O3 nanoparticles at 0.06% by weight in mineral oil instead of POE in the cycle compressor, with about 25% reduction of power consumption. In Sabareesh et al. (2012), a refrigeration system working with R12 was taken under consideration. The mineral oil, usually employed in the compressor, was substituted with the same oil added with TiO2 nanoparticles at 0.01 wt%. An increase of coefficient of performance (COP) was found up to 17%. Kumar and Elansezhian (2012) tested a nanolubricant formed by Al2O3 at 0.2 vol% nanoparticles in polyalkylenglycol (PAG) oil in a refrigeration system instead of pure PAG; they found about 10% reduction of energy consumption. 15th International Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Conference at Purdue, July 14-17, 2014PDF Image | Nanofluids Application as Nanolubricants in Heat Pumps Systems
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