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05 05ENDNOTES 05 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 1 – 45 RURAL RENEWABLE ENERGY 114 26 Robert Heine, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammen- arbeit (GIZ), personal communication with REN21, April 2011. 1 World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), The Energy Access Situation in Developing Countries: A Review Focusing on the Least Developed Countries and Sub-Saharan Africa (New York and Geneva: 2009). 27 Indian Institute of Technology and The Energy and Resources Institute, New Initiative for Development and Deployment of Improved Cookstoves: Recommended Action Plan, prepared for MNRE (New Delhi: 2010). 2 Ibid. 3 See Kyran O’Sullivan and Douglas F. Barnes, Energy Policies and 28 Stove numbers from the following manufacturer websites: www.envirofit.org, www.stovetec.net/us, www.onilstove.com, and www.treeswaterpeople.org/stoves/programs/honduras.htm. Multitopic Household Surveys: Guidelines for Questionnaire Design in Living Standards Measurement Studies, World Bank Working Paper No. 90 (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2006). The original source for much of this work on lighting is the background study F. Nieuwenhout, P. Van de Rijt, and E. Wiggelinkhuizen, 29 Groupe Energies Renouvelables, Environnement et Solidarités (GERES), “Dissemination of Improved Domestic Cooking Stoves [Cambodia],” www.geres.eu/en/household-energy/34-activ- nrjmenages-cambg-foyers; World Bank, op. cit. note 22. “Rural Lighting Services,” paper prepared for the World Bank 30 Worldwide experiences with solar cookers are summarized in GTZ, Here Comes the Sun: Options for Using Solar Cookers in Developing Countries (Eshborn, Germany: 2007). The use of solar cookers depends on the purpose and cultural habits of those cooking, and the cooking must generally be done during daytime hours. It is quite relevant for foods that require slow cooking. (Petten: Netherlands Energy Research Foundation, 1998). 4 For more information about the different rural electricity applications see, for example, Alliance for Rural Electrification, “Rural Electrification with Renewable Energy: Technologies, Quality Standards and Business Models” (Brussels: 2011). 31 “Rural Biogas Develops Rapidly,” TheBioenergySite.com, 5 January 2011. The Ministry of Agriculture calculates 40 million as the number of cumulative installations minus those that are no longer functional as of end-2010. It is not clear how the data were collected and processed from a technical point of view. 5 World Bank, Rural Electrification and Development in the Philippines: Valuing the Social and Economic Benefits, ESMAP Report (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2002). 32 India from MNRE, Renewable Energy in India: Progress, Vision and Strategy (New Delhi: 2010); Vietnam from SNV Netherlands Development Organization (SNV), Domestic Biogas Newsletter, Issue 3, August 2010. 6 Kilian Reiche, iiDevelopment GmbH, personal communication with REN21, April 2011. 7 Sidebar 8 from Lighting Africa Web site, www.LightingAfrica.org; World Bank and Internatonal Finance Corporation, Lighting Africa: Catylizing Markets for Modern Lighting (Washington, DC: 2008). 33 SNV, op. cit. note 32. 34 Nepal Biogas Sector Partnership, “Biogas Support Programme 8 Mark Hankins, African Solar Designs, Kenya, personal communi- cation with REN21, May 2010. Achievements,” 2010, at www.bspnepal.org.np/achievements. 35 See, for example, Alliance for Rural Electrification, op. cit. note 4 9 Kenya Bureau of Statistics, Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey 2004/05 (Nairobi: 2005). and Alliance for Rural Electrification and USAID, Hybrid Mini-Grids 10 World Bank, Energy Development and Access Expansion Project (TEDAP), “Additional Financing,” Project Information Document (Washington, DC: 2011); Rural Energy Agency, Tanzania, “About Us,” www.rea.go.tz/ABOUTREA/Aboutus/tabid/56/Default.aspx. for Rural Electrification: Lessons Learned (Washington, DC: 2010). 36 Alliance for Rural Electrification and USAID, op. cit. note 35. 37 Sudeshna Banerjee Avjeet Singh Hussain Samad, Power and 11 Simon Rolland, Alliance for Rural Electrification, Brussels, personal communication with REN21, 16 June 2011. People: Measuring the Benefits of Renewable Energy In Nepal 12 World Bank, Renewable Energy and Development Implementation Completion Report (Washington DC: World Bank, 2009). www.mme.gov.br/luzparatodos/asp/. 39 World Bank, “Light and Hope: Rural Electrification in Peru,” 13 Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India, Renewable Energy in India: Progress, Vision and Strategy (New Delhi: 2010). World Bank IBRD Results Note (Washington DC: 2010). 40 Rolland, op. cit. note 11. 41 World Bank, op. cit. note 39. 42 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 14 MNRE, Annual Report 2009–10 (New Delhi: 2010). 15 DFCC Bank, Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development “Factsheet for Hubei Eco Farming Biomgas Project,” 2010, Project (RERED) Web site, http://cdm.unfccc.int/about/ccb/CDM_Cobenefits_Hubei_China.pdf. 43 Ibid. www.energyservices.lk/statistics/esd_rered.htm. 16 International Development Company Limited (IDCOL) Website, 44 The Dutch-German Partnership “Energising Development,” or EnDev, is an initiative to provide 6.1 million people in developing countries access to modern energy services by 2012. www.idcol.org. 17 Rolland, op. cit. note 11. 18 Chandra Govindarajalu, Raihan Elahi, and Jayantha Nagendran, 45 See, for example, the following sources: U.K. Department for International Development (DFID) Web site, www.dfid.gov.uk; Global Village Energy Partnership (GVEP) Web site, www.gvepinternational.org: World Bank Energy Strategy Management Assistance Program Biomass Energy Initiative in Africa, Washington, DC. Electricity Beyond the Grid: Innovative Programs in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, ESMAP Knowledge Exchange Series No. 10 (Washington, DC: 2008); Renewable Energy for Rural Economic Development Project (RERED), “Statistics,” 2010, www.energyservices.lk/statistics/esd_rered.htm. 19 Rolland, op. cit. note 11. 20 WHO and UNDP, op. cit. note 1. 21 Ibid. 22 New types of stoves being manufactured in factories and work- shops include Stovetec, Envirofit, Protos, Onil, and World stoves. See World Bank Environment Department, Household Biomass Cookstoves, Environment, Health, and Climate Change: A New Look at an Old Problem (Washington, DC: 2011). 23 Estimate of 5–10 years from Ibid. Environment, Health, and Climate Change: A New Look at an Old Problem (Washington, DC: 2011). 24 Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves Website, http://cleancookstoves.org. 25 Ibid. (Washington, DC: World Bank, South Asia Energy, 2010). 38 Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME), Newsletter, No. 27, atPDF Image | GLOBAL STATUS REPORT Renewables 2011
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