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and are abundant along the eastern side of the Central Valley. Mediumandhighenthalpyresourcesarelocatedall along the volcanic mountain chain of Los Andes Cordillera, in the Quaternary volcanic zones, often in isolated areas. Limited hydroelectric resources have been developed and oil exploration has been unsuccessful in the northern miningareas. Asaresult,theChileanGovernment considers geothermal energy to be a good alternative in these areas. While in the northern part of the country the electricity systemsworkonthebasisoffossilfuels(oilandcoal),in southern-most Chile the electric power derives both from hydroelectric energy and fossil fuels. In many remote areas diesel electric power is used. Although the portability and relatively low cost of diesel electric plants has brought electricity to many rural communities and industries, the high price of the fuel and system maintenance have increasedthecostof electricity,particularlyinremote areas. The above factors suggest that highest priority should be assigned to the development of geothermal resources for electricitygenerationinruralareas. Theuseofgeothermal energy could reduce the dependence on expensive imported oil and encourage the establishment of local industries (Gonzalez, 1995). Both in northern and central-south Chile there are various areaswithhigh-temperature(200-250oC)geothermal resources that could be used for electricity generation. In the northern zone, the existence of fluids with temperature of up to 260oC would permit not only the generation of electricity but also the production of fresh water, the recovery of chemical elements contained in the geothermal fluids,andtheexploitationofimportantnon-metallic mineral resources. In central-south Chile, generally more inhabited than the northern zone, small electric schemes based on geothermal energy,couldbedevelopedin conjunctionwithagriculture and aquaculture projects. Considering the available geothermal resources’ potential as well as the geographic and social-economic conditions which exist in the different regions of the country: 1. InnorthernChile,themostimportant utilization of geothermal energy must be the production of electric energy. This would allow the development of important industrial processes such as fresh water production. recoveryof chemicalsfromevaporite deposits and from the brines of salars, sulfur refining, and others. Geothermal Resources in Latin America & the Caribbean 145PDF Image | Geothermal Resources in the Caribbean and Latin America
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