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(BHE) (see Table 18.2 above). These installations are borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) systems providing a balanced combination of both heating and cooling. The geothermal installation at the Post Terminal Building, Oslo, provides a good example of a borehole thermal energy storage system. This BTES system, comprising 228 boreholes of 200 m depth, was drilled during winter 2007 and provides heating and cooling to the new Akershus University Hospital (Ahus). The building has a total floor area of 137,000 m2, and an annual heating and cooling demand of 26 GWh and 8 GWh, respectively. One of the goals for the energy systems was that renewable energy sources should provide a minimum of 40% of the supplied energy for heating and cooling. The BTES became operational in May 2007, and a second phase of drilling was performed in 2009/2010 to provide an extension of the BTES scheme making a total of 350 boreholes. The boreholes were drilled in dioritic rocks with 5-40 m clay cover. The thick clay cover increased the drilling cost. A combined ammonia chiller and heat pump system was installed in 2008. The total cost of the BTES and the GSHP system came to US$ 19.5 million. It was originally planned to drill the boreholes close to the hospital, but seismic geophysical surveys and test drillings showed a high density of the clay filled fracture zones. This observation suggested that full-scale drilling would be difficult and expensive. The proposed BTES borehole array was therefore relocated to a field about 300 m from the hospital. Today the borehole heads are completely underground, and the farmer is using the field to grow crops. Figure 18.4 Sketch of the geothermal installation at the Post Terminal Building, Oslo, Norway. 18.3.3 EnergySavings Annual heat supply from heat pumps in Norway is estimated at 8-9 TWh (5-6 TWh of energy savings). It is estimated that this can be increased by an additional 10-14 TWh in 2020 in an economically responsible way. This would also free up around 8-9 TWh of electrical energy. This will require, to some extent, new research, and the use of other measures aimed at end users and building industry. Norwegian companies have good expertise in the field. 204PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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