PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 202
Norway‘s energy use per capita is similar to that of other countries with a similar climate. However, it differs completely in its structure because of the high share of cheap hydro-generated electricity which contributes 99% of the domestic electricity production. The result is that Norway, together with Iceland, consume the highest amount of electricity per capita in the world, approximately 24 MWh in 2008 (IEA, 2009). This has created a high demand for electricity for heating purposes in private, public and commercial buildings, a demand normally met by oil, gas or district heating systems in other countries. The main goal of the government energy policy is to reduce the dependence on hydropower by restricting demand and increasing diversity. In 2001 the state- owned enterprise Enova SF was established to achieve the energy targets. Enova provides investment grants of € 230 million/yr. The funding comes from a levy on the electricity distribution tariffs. A new national collective R&D strategy for the energy sector, Energi 21, was launched in 2008. The vision of the strategy is for Norway to be Europe‘s leading energy and environmentally conscious nation. Geothermal energy is considered as a highly significant alternative for the future, but not yet a subject of great interest for the Norwegian society in general, which includes funding agencies and industry. To promote, cooperate and develop deep geothermal energy the ―Norwegian Centre for Geothermal Energy Research‖ (CGER) was established in 2009, and presently has over 20 partners from universities, colleges, research institutes, and industry. The Norwegian industry and research establishment have valuable experience and know-how in off-shore technologies which include, amongst others, drilling, geochemistry (corrosion, scale, tracer technology) and thermal modelling. This valuable knowledge is readily transferable to geothermal industry both in Norway and overseas. However, for successful application, these technologies need to be adapted for geothermal settings which include harder (crystalline) rocks and higher temperatures than those found in classical hydrocarbon settings found in off-shore Norway. Norway is part of the Fennoscandian Shield. The bedrock consists of Precambrian rocks with a belt of Caledonian rocks extending from SW to N Norway. Permian volcanic and intrusive rocks are found in the Oslo region. The porosity of the crystalline bedrock is low. The lithosphere is cool and thick and characterized by low heat flow density below continental average. There is lack of heat flow data for Norway and the country is still marked as a white spot without available temperature data below 1 000 m in the Atlas of Geothermal Resources in Europe. A recent heat flow study with new data from deep onshore boreholes shows higher heat flow values and a higher geothermal potential than previous expected. The paleoclimate and topography corrected surface heat flow varies between 50 and 60 mW/m2 in south and central Norway. 18.1 Highlights and Achievements Norway has joined IEA-GIA with the financial support of the governmental organization ―The Research Council of Norway‖ (RCN). One of RCN ́s main missions includes providing decision- makers with constructive research policy input, implementing effective and targeted distribution of research funds, and creating meeting places that actively promote dialogue between research and society. The Research Council serves as an agent of change in Norwegian research, and seeks to be a leading player in strategic research planning. The Energi21 initiative launched by Norwegian Government, which aims at designing a broad- based, collective R&D strategy for the energy sector, continued its work. One of its working prioritised areas with the title ―Sub-Committee for Renewable Thermal Energy‖ established a ―Working Group for Geothermal Energy‖ (WGfGE). This group has a mandate to contribute to the future governmental white papers on issues related to the strategy for the Norwegian energy sector. WGfGE worked actively on the first draft of its report (to be finalised in 2011). 199PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
PDF Search Title:
Geothermal Research and Tech IEAOriginal File Name Searched:
geo2010.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)