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17.1 Major Highlights and Achievements for 2010 Gross installed capacity by the end of 2010 was: Mokai (114 MWe), Rotokawa (35+140 MWe), Wairakei (161+14+55 MWe), Tauhara (23 MWe), Ngawha (10+15 MWe), Kawerau (100+8+14 MWe), and Ohaaki (103 MWe). A significant achievement (often overlooked) is that all but one of the power plants were operating normally throughout the year at full load. The exception, Ohaaki, has been operating at about 50% capacity because of steam supply constraints, and was de-rated to 69 MWe maximum operating capacity during 2010, making a total operating capacity of 758 MWe. (For field locations, see Figure 17.2.) Total geothermal generation in 2010 (5,551 GWh) was 21% greater than the previous year. A major highlight for 2010 was the successful commissioning (ahead of schedule) and subsequent operation of the 140 MWe plant at Nga-Awa-Purua (Rotokawa), utilizing the worldâs largest single-axle geothermal turbine (net 140 MWe triple-flash). In addition, a new 23 MWe binary plant (Te Huka) was commissioned and successfully operated at Tauhara (linked to Wairakei). Also at Tauhara, a resource consent application for 250 MWe of expansion was granted. At Ngatamariki (north of Rotokawa), following the granting of an application for resource consent to support a nominal 110 MWe development, contract negotiations for construction of an initial 82 MWe power plant were significantly advanced. An application for consents to operate a 35 MWe power plant at Rotoma was declined in mid-2010, but consents were granted for further drilling activity to support future development proposals. Negotiations, exploration activities, and planning processes were actively pursued for further developments at several other fields : Tikitere, Taheke, and Kawerau. This acceleration in development activity has been supported by intense drilling in many of the high enthalpy resource prospects of the Taupo Volcanic Zone (about 20 wells/yr). 17.2 National Policy 17.2.1 Strategy Sources of renewable energy are strongly favoured and supported by the New Zealand Government. Updated versions of the New Zealand Energy Strategy and New Zealand Energy Efficiency and Conservation Strategy can be found at www.med.govt.nz. In these documents there is a return to a balanced position on renewable energy, with clear references to the role of geothermal energy. The major targets remain (90% renewable electricity by 2025 and 9.5 PJ/year of additional direct-use geothermal or biomass over 2005 levels by 2025). Geothermal investment is currently competitive with a wide range of alternative generation sources and so presents an investment opportunity (even without renewable energy subsidies). The equivalent of an additional 1000 MWe of geothermal resources is inferred to be available at competitive long-run marginal costs, in addition to at least 1600 MWe of potential resource capacity that is not currently available because it is located in environmentally-protected geothermal systems. The optimum strategy, therefore, is to use geothermal projects to meet most of the demand growth in baseload power (about 700 GWh/yr) and replacement capacity for aging or coal-fired power-plants over the next decade or so. The anticipated expansion in geothermal generation equates to an expected NZ$ 4 billion development programme. Several Regional Councils (Waikato, Bay of Plenty and Northland), grant and administer consents for high temperature geothermal developments in New Zealand, and they have begun a process of reviewing their Regional Policy Statements. These affect the consenting and resource management procedures and the allocation of geothermal systems to different categories (for example, for protection or development). 184PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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