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15.2.5 IndustryExpenditureonGeothermalR&D Industry expenditure is still quite small and mainly a type of matching funding to government R&D funding which amounts 15-50% of the total budget depending on the size of the participating industry‘s business. In 2010, the total amount was some US$ 2.0 million. 15.3 Status of Geothermal Energy Use in 2010 15.3.1 Electricity Generation There is no geothermal power generation in Korea. 15.3.2 DirectUse 15.3.2.1 Installed Thermal Power By the end of 2010, the installed thermal power is 262.36 MWth mainly for GHP and hot spa usage (see Table 2). Table 15.2 Geothermal direct heat uses, fossil fuel saving and avoided CO2 emission in Korea as of December 2010. Installed Use Capacity (MWt) 8.66 District Heating 2.21 Annual Energy Use Capacity Factor 0.20 0.45 0.25 0.49 0.23 Fossil Fuel Saving** (toe/yr) 1,881 1,101 47 17,864 31,786 52,679 Avoided CO2 Emission** (tonne) 6,070 3,554 151 57,669 102,618 170,054 Individual Space Heating (TJ/yr) 53.43 31.28 1.33 507.61* 903.244 ) 1,496.9 (GWh/yr) 14.84 8.69 0.37 141.0* 250.94) 415.8 Greenhouse Heating Bathing and Swimming 0.17 32.56 Geothermal Heat 229.8 Pumps*** Total 262.36 * [(supplying water temp.: 42 – leaving water temp.: 27) × flow rate × operating time] ** Uses 35.2 toe/TJ (126.7 toe/GWh) and 113,611 CO2 kg/TJ (409 kg/MWh) assuming 70% of oil boiler (following IEA-GIA conversion rate) *** Estimates for 2010 based on the amount of subsidy and plans reported according to the ̳Mandatory Act‘ 4) Use Pure Geothermal Contribution according to E = Q*(1-1/SPF). 15.3.2.2 Thermal Energy Used Thermal energy used in 2010 is estimated to be 1,497 TJ or 416 GWh (see Table 15.2). 170PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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