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Akita University and AIST. Nationwide geothermal resource assessments and databases are mainly conducted by AIST. AIST did the first GIS (Geographic Information System) base geothermal resource assessments in Japan in 2008 (Figure 14.10; Muraoka et al., 2008). Shallow-depth hydrothermal resources above 150 °C were estimated to be 23,470 MWe in Japan. Numerous hot springs used to be one of the main obstacles for geothermal power development in Japan. However, the Kalina-cycle, a current low-temperature power generation technique, enables us to generate electricity from waste thermal energy of high-temperature hot springs above the bath use temperature. The hot spring power generation also enables cooling of the high-temperature hot springs down to an adequate bath use temperature without dilution of balneological constituents. To open the new market for the hot spring power generation, the Geothermal Energy Research & Development Co., Ltd. (GERD) and GREEN, AIST proposed the ―Development of the Hot Spring Ecogene (ecology + co-generation) System‖ project to the competitive grant ―Project to Support Innovative New Energy Technology Ventures‖ in NEDO. This proposal was adopted as phase I (feasibility stage) in August 2007 and adopted as phase II in March 2008. A prototype of the 50 kWe class Kalina-cycle power generation system adequate for the hot spring power generation market was completed in March 2010. The Ministry of the Environment (MOE) adopted two geothermal RD&D projects for three years starting from 2010 in the competitive research grant application round on March 2010. One project is conducted by AIST, Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. (TEPSCO), Nittetsu Mining Consultants Co., Ltd. and Hirosaki University will aim at the geothermal reservoir management technology for the coexistence with hot springs. Another project is conducted by GERD, GREEN, AIST and Hirosaki University and aims to demonstrate the hot spring power generation system that will follow the 50 kWe class Kalina-cycle project. 14.8.2 Government Funded Geothermal research at national universities and AIST is supported by grants from the government. The amounts used in geothermal research in Kyushu University and Tohoku University are approximately 60 million Yen and 30 million Yen in FY2010, respectively. The amount used in geothermal research at AIST is dispersed in several research groups and is approximately 20 million Yen in FY2010. 14.8.3 IndustryFunded Information about funding for geothermal RD&D in the private sector is not necessarily open to public and is difficult to estimate. Japan‘s turbines and generators still have 50% share in the world geothermal power plants and these makers may be investing in these RD&D fields. For example, the new 220 kWe binary plant at Kirishima Kokusai Hotel installed in August 2006 is a RD&D demonstration facility owned by the Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. The electric companies and their institute, CERL in CRIEPI, are funding geothermal R&D, but the amounts are unknown. 14.9 Geothermal Education Geothermal education is mainly conducted by Kyushu University, Tohoku University and Akita University at both undergraduate and graduate levels. The Geothermal Research Society of Japan holds a forum on the geothermal energy for its enlightenment and dissemination to citizens once a year. A new geothermal course was initiated at Kyushu University in October 2002 following the end of the JICA international geothermal course. It is a doctoral program in the Graduate School of 164PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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