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13.1 The Electricity Market in Italy In accordance with the liberalization process of the electricity market in Italy, Enel was obliged to reduce its quota of electricity generation to below 50% (it was 73% in 1998) and 15,057 MWe of its generating capacity were sold to other operators in the period 2001-2003. As a consequence, several international competitors are now present in the Italian electricity market and Enel, which is still the main operator, has now a quota of about 30% of electricity generation. From 1 April 2004, the Italian Power Exchange has been operating and in the same year an independent private company, called TERNA, was established for the ownership and management of the national high voltage electric grid (transmission network). In 2010, the electricity needs in Italy reached 330.5 billion kWh, with a domestic contribution of 86.6%. As regards the 286 TWh of domestic electricity generation, 76% comes from fossil fuels, 18.6% from hydro and 5.4% from geothermal, biomass, wind and solar. Even if the contribution of geothermal electricity generation is only 1.7% of the whole Italian generation, it covers about 27% of the electricity needs in Tuscany, giving a substantial contribution to the green energy generation in this Region. 13.1.1 Enel Green Power In response to the growing demand for renewable energy, recorded in recent years as a result of commitments signed by many governments aimed at reducing CO2 emissions, a new company, Enel Green Power, fully owned by Enel Group, was established in December 2008. This company draws its strength from Enel expertise and experience in geothermal, small-hydro, wind, biomass and solar power generation and is dedicated to developing and managing energy generation from renewable resources both in Italy and abroad (Europe and American continent). At present, Enel Green Power operates in sixteen countries and is the world leader in this sector, with 21.8 TWh produced (covering the energy consumption of 7 million families and avoiding 15.5 million tons of CO2 emissions every year). The installed capacity is around 6,100 MWe, and there are over 500 plants currently in operation or under construction around the world. 13.2 Current Status of Geothermal Energy Use 13.2.1 Electricity Generation All the plants in operation are located in Tuscany, in the areas of Larderello/Travale-Radicondoli and Mt. Amiata (Figure 13.1). As of 31 December 2010, 304 production wells were in operation, with a total steam network length of 205 km. In addition, 62 reinjection wells were in operation with a total water network length of 294 km. 35 units (with capacities in the range 10-60 MWe) were in operation with a total installed capacity of 882.5 MWe gross. 140PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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