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11.5 Development Constraints The average of the geothermal gradient in Germany is 30 °C/km and quiet low for deep geothermal applications. Only in certain regions like the upper Rhine Rift Valley and the German Molasse basin higher geothermal gradients occur. Therefore deep drilling down to 3000-4000 m is necessary to reach temperatures above 100 °C which are needed electricity generation. Associated with this fact are high drilling costs which influence the economic success. Further constraints are the finding risks for such depths and the complicate geological structures in some regions of interest. In the northern basin of Germany the geothermal sources have a high salinity. The financial crisis and the consequent difficulty in securing financing, combined with acceptance problems as a result of seismic events in Landau and Basel, has slowed the expansion of geothermal energy in recent years. Whereas between 2004 and 2008 numerous boreholes were drilled and three projects developed to the stage of generating electricity, in 2009 and 2010 a number of follow-up contracts for drilling companies did not materialise. In the medium and long term, however, heat and electricity generation from deep geothermal energy can play an important role, regionally, in a system based predominantly on renewable energies because, unlike the variable energy supply from solar and wind power, geothermal energy is constantly available. In the light of this, BMU‘s research funding backs projects with a prospect of achieving further cost reductions for geothermal energy, that reduce the exploration risk and seek to curb potential risks posed by seismicity, for example. 11.6 Economics As in 2009, 2010 was a year with high investments in large geothermal energy plants and heat pumps. Figure 11.8 Investment in renewable energy developments in Germany in 2010. 120PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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