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This overall goal ultimately means that our current energy supply system must be radically restructured. A modernization of that kind offers not only the opportunity for a massive reduction in greenhouse gas emissions but also huge potential for innovation, growth and job creation. Seen in this light, research funding for renewable energy is a strategic investment in technologies of the future, in commercially valuable know-how and therefore in the future-proof development of Germany‘s economy. 11.2.2 Legislation and Regulation Compared to 2009 the situation at end of 2010 is nearly unchanged. Some 15 geothermal projects were being implemented across Germany, and applications for exploration permits had been submitted for a further 150 sites. The strong market development for deep geothermal energy in Germany is primarily attributable to the Renewable Energy Sources Act which, with its scale of feed-in tariffs, creates an encouraging economic environment for the operation of geothermal plants. With the adoption of the amended Renewable Energy Sources Act on 6 June 2008, the German Bundestag (Lower House) significantly improved the conditions for geothermal energy in Germany still further. Whereas the maximum tariff had previously been 15 €-cents/kWh, depending on the size of the plant, under the new provisions the basic tariff from 1 January 2009 has been increased to 16 €-cents/kWh supplied. 10.5 €-cents/kWh is paid for plants with a capacity of 10 MW or higher. An additional bonus of 4 €-cents is payable for electricity from plants which go live up to 2015. A further bonus of 4 cents/kWh has been introduced for petrothermal techniques (use of hot rock) to encourage the market launch of innovative technologies. Operators who use the waste heat from their plants are eligible for a further 3 €-cents. Amendment of these feed-in regulations will set into forced at the beginning of 2012. Under the Energy Concept, renewable energies will be the mainstay of the future energy supply system. Their share of electricity supply is to more than double by 2020 (at least 35% by 2020 at the latest). To make this possible, a revised version of the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), adopted in mid-2011, is to come into force on 1 January 2012. This tried and tested regulation will enable electricity generation from renewables to continue to rise steadily and improve the integration of renewables into the market and the energy system. The principles- priority purchase of renewable electricity and fixed feed-in payments- will remain unchanged. Thus, as before, the EEG is not a form of subsidy. Furthermore, the system of payment is to be simplified and made more transparent. An optional market bonus is also to be introduced as an incentive to market- oriented operation of installations for the use of renewable energy sources. The EEG is anchored in EU Directive 2009/28/EC on the promotion of the use of renewable energy. 11.2.3 Progress Towards National Targets In its Cabinet decisions of 6 June 2011 on the basis of the Energy Concept, the German government confirmed an extensive reorientation of its energy policy: it is to undertake a speedy phase-out of nuclear energy and at the same time move into the age of renewable energy. The German government also regards its decisions as a milestone in Germany‘s economic and social development. The cornerstones are: Use of nuclear power to cease not later than the end of 2022 Dynamic expansion of renewable energies in all sectors Rapid expansion and modernization of electricity grids Improvements in energy efficiency, especially through energy-saving building refurbishment and use of modern technologies to minimize electricity consumption 111PDF Image | Geothermal Research and Tech IEA
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