PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
Context Geothermal energy is based on exploiting the heat that is found at subsurface levels. This heat mainly originates from the disin- tegration of the radioactive elements that constitute the earth’s crust and from the dissipation of primitive energy. Its most visible surface manifestations are well known (volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, etc.) and its presence can be easily unders- tood by applying the geothermal gradient concept, meaning that the temperature increases with depth. Globally, the geothermal gradient averages 33 °C per kilometre, as occurs in France for example, but its value may be signifi- cantly higher, particularly in areas of active or recent volcanism in which it may reach several tens of °C per 100 metres. At shallow levels, the subsurface heat can be exploited to generate heat or cold if it is assisted by a heat pump. At depths below several hundred metres, the heat can be used directly for thermal uses (hea- ting of buildings, use in industrial processes, agricultural applications, etc.) or for gene- rating electricity. An environmentally friendly, renewable and universally available energy source More than 35 countries currently use geo- thermal energy to produce electricity, with a global installed power amounting to 11 GW. Heat is produced by geothermal energy in 79 countries, with a total instal- led power of 43 GW. Within Europe, France is ranked in 3rd place in terms of capacity and is playing an important role in the development of this energy.The Grenelle Environmental round table plans multiplying the amount of geothermal heat in the French energy mix by 6 between 2006 and 2020, which represents the replacement of 1.3 million tonnes of oil equivalent. For France, the generation of geothermal energy must increase from 15 to 80 MW, with the long- term potential estimated at 200 MW. Acknowledged French expertise After a major development phase at the start of the 1980s, due to high fuel prices, followed by a downturn in the 1990s, the geothermal energy market is currently booming again in France, due to policies which are favourable to renewable ener- gies. In par ticular, the French industr y can rely on the experience acquired in the Paris basin, which has the world’s largest concentration of low-energy geothermal applications in operation, exploiting the same aquifer. This dynamism can be attributed in large par t to the suppor t policy employed by the public authorities for the past few years and the presence of a broad range of companies specialised in the field of geothermal energy. Deep geothermal borehole in Paris – CPCU. Indeed, France possesses the complete industrial fabric required for producing the components of geothermal loops and surface installations (boring pipes, exchan- gers, valves, turbines, alternators, regulation systems, corrosion treatment systems, binary plants, etc.) for the production of electricity or heat. To this can be added highly developed skills in the exploitation of energy installa- tions and subsurface engineering, in addi- tion to the recognised exper tise of companies capable of performing the most complex drilling operations at great depth. © Joëlle Arnaud, Pierre-Grégoire Scholl From the Greek “geo” (earth) and “thermos” (hot), the term “geothermal” covers both the science that studies the earth’s internal phenomena and the industrial processes that seek to exploit it to generate electricity and/or heat. French know-how in the field of geothermal energy 2/ 3 © Jacques Le Goff – ADEMEPDF Image | GEOTHERMAL ENERGY District heating
PDF Search Title:
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY District heatingOriginal File Name Searched:
french_know_how_geothermal_energy.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |