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10. MYTH BUSTERS Today, geothermal developers face many obstacles, and one of them is inadequate public understanding of geology, hydrology, and the related sciences that underlie geothermal energy. Here are the truths behind some of the most prevalent myths about geothermal energy: Myth #1: Geothermal Energy is Experimental and Not Yet Widely Used Truth: While we are able to use only a small fraction of the resource with todayís technology, geothermal resources have been in use for more than 10,000 years, according to archaeological evidence. The Paleo-Indians first used geothermal hot springs for warmth, cleansing, and minerals through direct use. Major district-wide heating and individual direct use projects have been in continuous, successful long term operation at Boise, Idaho (since 1892) and at Klamath Falls, Oregon. The first large-scale geothermal electricity generating plant opened at Larderello, Italy in 1904 and continues to operate successfully. The first commercial U.S. geothermal power plant producing power to the utility grid opened at The Geysers in California in 1960, producing 11 MW of net power. The Geysers system continues to operate successfully today and represents the largest single sources of renewable energy in the world. The U.S. has some 3,000 MW of electricity connected to the grid. As the worldís largest producer of geothermal energy, the U.S. generates a yearly average of 15 billion kilowatt hours of power, comparable to burning about 25 million barrels of oil or 6 million short tons of coal per year. Geothermal energy is used for electrical power production in 21 countries, and supplies significant amounts of electricity to countries such as the Philippines, where 27% of electricity derives from geothermal sources. Even so, this worldwide use represents only a fraction of the potential power that could be generated from geothermal resources. As technology continues to advance, the expected cost and risk of using geothermal resources will continue to decline while the geothermal contribution to our energy needs will continue to expand. Myth #2: Geothermal Power Plants Emit Smoke Truth: The visible plumes seen rising from water cooled geothermal power plants are actually water vapor emissions (condensed steam), not smoke, and are caused by the evaporative cooling system. No combustion of fuels occurs to produce electricity at a geothermal facility. Air cooled systems emit no water vapor, and thus blend easily into the environment. In a water cooling process, 50% or more of the geothermal water that enters the cooling tower is emitted to the atmosphere as water vapor, while the remainder recycles back into the geothermal reservoir. Geothermal water vapor emissions contain only trace amounts of the pollutants typically found in much greater quantities in coal and gas power plant emissions. See also section 6.2. 47PDF Image | Geothermal 101
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