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9. EMPLOYMENT 9.1. What types of jobs are created by the geothermal sector, and how long will they last? According to an employment study, an overwhelming majority of geothermal jobs (86%) are full time, permanent positions. Geothermal provides quality wages to people living in depressed economic communities and provides a stable source of employment. Geothermal provides long-term income for people with a diversity of job skills. People directly employed by the sector include welders, mechanics, pipe fitters, plumbers, machinists, electricians, carpenters, construction and drilling equipment operators and excavators, surveyors, architects and designers, geologists, hydrologists, electrical, mechanical, and structural engineers, HVAC technicians, food processing specialists, aquaculture and horticulture specialists, resort managers, spa developers, researchers, and government employees.(1) 9.2. How many people currently work in the U.S. geothermal industry? In answering this question, most organizations focus upon the total number of direct and indirect jobs created by their industry. For geothermal, direct jobs relate to the construction and maintenance of geothermal power plants, while indirect jobs provide goods and services to the industries directly involved in power plant construction or operation and maintenance. The number of indirect jobs within a particular sector is largely theoretical, and changes according to the preferred method of analysis. So while indirect impacts should certainly be consideredóany investment in a particular sector of the economy will impact other sectorsóit is also important to distinguish between these two types of employment impacts. According to an employment survey conducted by Geothermal Energy Association (GEA), the total number of jobs supported by the existing geothermal industry in 2004 was 11,460. This includes direct, indirect, and induced employment.(2) Power plant or direct employment was estimated to be 4,583 full-time positions. This corresponds to 1.7 permanent jobs per megawatt of capacity installed. As the report notes, ìEmployment in the industry is probably at a historic low since power plant construction has been minimal between 1993 and 2004 as state and federal policies underwent significant changes. Also, because federal research support is at a historically low level, associated research employment is low.î Based upon our 2004 analysis, GEA estimates that the geothermal industry directly employed about 25,000 people in 2008. This is roughly 9,000 direct jobs in operating, construction and manufacturing and an additional 16,000 indirect and supporting jobs.(3) 44PDF Image | Geothermal 101
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