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Geothermal 101

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Geothermal 101 ( geothermal-101 )

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3. POTENTIAL USE 3.1. What is the official government estimate of potential geothermal electric resource in the U.S.? The heat of the Earth is considered limitless; its use is only limited by technology and the associated costs. Technology development and further studies are expected to show even greater potential, but here we have cited the first part of a new assessment released in September 2008 by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).(1) The report focuses on 13 western states and breaks the geothermal estimate into three categories: • Identified Geothermal Systems: The resource is either liquid or vapor dominated and has moderate to high temperature. The resource is either producing (the reservoir is currently generating electric power), confirmed (the reservoir has been evaluated with a successful commercial flow test of a production well), or potential (there are reliable estimates of temperature and volume for the reservoir but no successful well tests to date). • Undiscovered Geothermal Resources: Geothermal resources were assessed for the same 13 states in which the identified resources are located. The assessment was based on mapping potential via regression analysis. • Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS): Resource probability in regions characterized by high temperatures but low permeability and lack of water in rock formations. The assessment estimates power generation potential as follows: • Identified Geothermal Systems: 3,675 MWe (95% probability) to 16,457 MWe (5% probability) • Undiscovered Geothermal Systems: 7,917 MWe (95% probability) to 73,286 MWe (5% probability) • EGS: 345,100 MWe (95% probability) to 727,900 MWe (5% probability). The USGS assessment evaluates geothermal resources in the states of Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. The assessment identified 241 moderate-temperature (90 to 150°C; 194 to 302°F) and high-temperature (greater than 150°C) geothermal systems located on private and public lands in these states. Geothermal systems located on public lands closed to development, such as national parks, were not included in the assessment. Electric-power generation potential was also determined for several low-temperature (less than 90°C) systems in Alaska for which local conditions make electric power generation feasible. Although the assessment only accounted for large-scale geothermal power production, the USGS is also in the process of updating information about direct use, small power, oil and gas co- 17

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