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Figure 7: The Geysers, CA, Dry Steam Plant Figure 8: Dry Steam Plant Diagram c. Binary Power Plant: Recent advances in geothermal technology have made possible the economic production of electricity from geothermal resources lower than 150°C (302°F). Known as binary geothermal plants, the facilities that make this possible reduce geothermal energyís already low emission rate to zero. Binary plants typically use an Organic Rankine Cycle system. The geothermal water (called ìgeothermal fluidî in the accompanying image) heats another liquid, such as isobutane or other organic fluids such as pentafluoropropane, which boils at a lower temperature than water. The two liquids are kept completely separate through the use of a heat exchanger, which transfers the heat energy from the geothermal water to the working fluid. The secondary fluid expands into gaseous vapor. The force of the expanding vapor, like steam, turns the turbines that power the generators. All of the produced geothermal water is injected back into the reservoir. Figure 9: Binary Power Plant Figure 10: Burdett, NV, Binary Power Plant d. Flash/Binary Combined Cycle: This type of plant, which uses a combination of flash and binary technology, has been used effectively to take advantage of the benefits of both technologies. In this type of plant, the portion of the geothermal water which ìflashesî to 11PDF Image | Geothermal 101
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