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Summary The U.S. industrial sector includes many significant opportunities to recycle energy that is currently being discarded. Energy-intensive industrial processes—including refineries and the production of steel, cement, glass and chemicals—often cast off energy in the form of exhaust heat, combustible gases, biomass, and other “waste” energy. These highly recoverable energy resources can be harnessed, with common, well-established technology, to generate electricity. Together, various forms of recyclable waste energy represent an estimated 100 gigawatts (GW) of potential electric capacity—an amount roughly equal to 10% of the current U.S. grid— requiring no or little additional fuel. The resulting reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (C02) would be an estimated 400 million metric tons. The recycling of industrial waste energy is a largely untapped subset of Combined Heat and Power (CHP), or the use of one single process to generate both useful heat and electricity. Four types of job opportunity are associated with energy recycling: 1. Jobs in manufacturing the waste energy recovery equipment 2. Jobs in creating the “energy islands” where industrial hosts’ waste energy is recycled into power 3. Jobs operating and maintaining the on-site energy islands 4. Jobs resulting from higher energy productivity and increased competitiveness Recycling industrial waste energy, like all CHP, offers considerable potential to save energy, increase productivity, reduce greenhouse gases, and create jobs. The U.S. government in recent years has provided crucial support for the development of CHP, including waste energy recycling. Fully developing these opportunities will require reforming federal and state regulations that inhibit decentralized power production, as well as expanding incentives for renewable energy to include support for these major improvements in energy efficiency. Introduction Vast potential for improving U.S. energy efficiency lies in the industrial sector (McKinsey Global Institute, 2007). One important avenue is recovering energy that can be recycled from energy-intensive industries, such as refineries and the making of steel, cement, glass, and chemicals (ICF International, 2007). These manufacturing processes may discard waste energy in the form of exhaust heat or combustible gases, often releasing it to the atmosphere or to a water body, when instead it could be used to generate electricity. Waste heat and combustible gases are among many currently wasted but highly recoverable energy resources, including discarded biomass, changes in pipeline pressure, and selected pollutant emissions such as methane (S. Casten, 2008). 2PDF Image | Carbon-Reducing Technologies and U.S.
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