PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 206
NOTES 206 METHODOLOGICAL NOTES This 2014 report follows eight previous editions of the Renewables Global Status Report (GSR), produced since 2005 (with the exception of 2008). Readers are directed to the previous GSR editions for historical details. Most 2013 data for national and global capacity, output, growth, and investment portrayed in this report are preliminary. Where necessary, information and data that are conflicting, partial, or older are reconciled by using reasoned expert judgment. Endnotes provide additional details, including references, supporting information, and assumptions where relevant. (See Sidebar 1 on renewable energy data and related challenges.) Each edition draws from thousands of published and unpublished references, including: reports from international organisations and industry associations; input from the GSR community via hundreds of questionnaires submitted by country, regional, and technology contributors, and feedback from several rounds of formal and informal reviews; additional personal communications with scores of international experts; as well as a variety of electronic newsletters, news media, and other sources. Much of the data found in the GSR is built from the ground up by the authors with the aid of these resources. This often involves extrapolation of older data, based on recent changes in key countries within a sector, or based on recent growth rates and global trends. Other data, often very specific and narrow in scope, come more-or-less prepared from third parties. The GSR attempts to synthesise these datapoints into a collective whole for the focus year. The GSR endeavours to cover accurately, on a global level, all data related to renewable energy markets and industries, policy developments, as well as renewable energy-related advances to expand energy access in developing countries. It aims to provide the best data available in each successive edition; as such, data should not be compared with previous versions of this report to ascertain year-by-year changes. NOTE ON ACCOUNTING AND REPORTING A number of issues arise when counting renewable energy capacities and energy output. Some of these are discussed below: 1. CAPACITY VERSUS ENERGY DATA The GSR aims to give accurate estimates of capacity additions and totals, as well as of electricity, heat, and transport fuel production in the past year. These measures are subject to some uncertainty, with the level of uncertainty differing from technology to technology. The section on Market and Industry Trends includes estimates for energy produced where possible but, due to data constraints, focusses mainly on electricity or heat capacity data. This is because capacity data generally can be estimated with a greater degree of certainty. Further, actual heat and electricity generation data for most countries are usually available only 12 months or more after the fact, and sometimes not at all. In addition, capacity data better mimic investment trends over time. 2. CONSTRUCTED CAPACITY VERSUS CONNECTED CAPACITY AND OPERATIONAL CAPACITY Over the past few years, the solar PV and wind power markets have seen increasing amounts of capacity that was connected to the electricity grid but not yet deemed officially operational, or constructed capacity that was not connected to the grid by year-end (and, in turn, capacity that was installed in one year but connected to the grid during the next). This phenomenon has been particularly evident for wind power installations in China (2009–2013), as well as for solar PV in some European countries in recent years. Starting with the 2012 edition, the GSR has aimed to count only capacity additions that were grid-connected, or that otherwise went into service (e.g., capacity intended for off-grid use), during the previous calendar year. However, there may be exceptions borne out of necessity of data availability (as with China, for example). Known deviations to this approach are outlined in the text and/or endnotes for the technology sections. The reasoning is that the sources from which the GSR draws have varying methodologies for counting installations, and many official bodies report grid connection statistics. As a result, in many countries the data for actual installations are becoming increasingly difficult to obtain. Some renewable industry groups, including the European Photovoltaic Industry Association and the Global Wind Energy Council, have shifted to tracking and reporting on operational/grid-connected rather than installed capacities. 3. BIO-POWER DATA Given existing complexities and constraints (see Figure 5 in this report, and Sidebar 2 in GSR 2012), the GSR strives to provide the best and latest available data regarding biomass energy developments. The reporting of biomass-fired combined heat and power (CHP) systems varies among countries, which adds to the challenges experienced when assessing total heat and electricity capacities and total bioenergy outputs. Wherever possible, the bio-power data presented include capacity and generation from both electricity-only and CHP systems using solid biomass, landfill gas, biogas, and liquid biofuels.PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
PDF Search Title:
About ElectraThermOriginal File Name Searched:
gsr2014_full_report_low_res.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)