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37 P. Raman et al., “Evaluation of Domestic Cookstove Technologies Implemented Across the World to Identify Possible Options for Clean and Efficient Cooking Solutions” (New Delhi: TERI, October 2013). 38 Ernst & Young, Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Indices, November 2012, http://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/ CAI_issue-35_Nov-2012/$FILE/CAI_issue-35_Nov-2012_ DE0372.pdf. 39 World Bank, Designing Sustainable Off-Grid Rural Electrification Projects: Principles and Practices (Washington, DC: 2008), http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTENERGY2/Resources/ OffgridGuidelines.pdf. 40 C. Mitchell et al., “Policy, Financing and Implementation,” Chapter 11 in O. Edenhofer et al., eds., IPCC Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation (Cambridge, U.K. and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011); Teresa Malyshev, Looking Ahead: Energy, Climate Change and Pro-poor Responses (Paris: IEA, 2009); Gabriela Azuela, World Bank, personal communication with REN21, December 2013. 41 Bangladesh data are for achievements by Grameen Shakti, which reached 1 million SHS installed in November 2012, per Justin Guay, “Small Is Big: Bangladesh Installs One Million Solar Home Systems,” Climate Progress, 18 December 2012, http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2012/12/18/1353791/small- is-big-bangladesh-installs-one-million-solar-home-systems/; Lighting Africa, op. cit. note 5, p. 11. 42 Frankfurt School–UNEP Collaborating Centre for Climate & Sustainable Energy Finance (FS–UNEP Centre) and Bloomberg New Energy Finance (BNEF), Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2013 (Frankfurt: 2013), http://www.unep.org/pdf/GTR- UNEP-FS-BNEF2.pdf. 43 Renata Grisoli, MGM Innova, personal communication with REN21, December 2013; GNESD, “Energy access program in Brazil: ‘Lighting for all’,” http://energy-access.gnesd.org/index. php?option=com_content&view=article&id=104:energy-access- program-in-brazil-lighting-for-all-&catid=3:projects&Itemid=24, viewed 12 February 2014; R. Deshmukh et al., “Sustainable Development of Renewable Energy Mini-grids for Energy Access: A Framework for Policy Design,” Clean Energy Ministerial, March 2013, http://www.cleanenergyministerial.org/Portals/2/ pdfs/Sustainable_Development_of_Renewable_Energy_Mini- grids_for_Energy_Access.pdf. 44 Grisoli, op. cit. note 43; GNESD, op. cit. note 43. 45 Government of China, National Energy Administration (NEA), “National Energy Board Held a Comprehensive Solution to the Problem of People without Electricity,” Electricity Conference, 31 July 2013, translated using Google Translate, http://www.nea.gov. cn/2013-07/31/c_132590749.htm. 46 ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), Baseline Report for the ECOWAS Renewable Energy Policy (EREP) (Praia, Cape Verde: 2012). 47 Francisca M. Antman, “The Impact of Migration on Family Left Behind” (Boulder, CO: University of Colorado at Boulder Department of Economics, 2010), http://spot.colorado. edu/~antmanf/Antman_LeftBehindBookChapter.pdf. 48 Koffi Ekouevi and Reto Thoenen, “Top-Down Concessions for Private Operators in Mali and Senegal,” PowerPoint presentation, undated http://siteresources.worldbank. org/EXTAFRREGTOPENERGY/Resources/717305- 1264695610003/6743444-1268073476416/3.3.TopDown_ concessions_private_operators_Senegal_N_Mali.pdf. 49 IRENA, Financial Mechanisms and Investment Frameworks for Renewables in Developing Countries (Abu Dhabi: December 2012), p. 105, http://www.irena.org/DocumentDownloads/Publications/ IRENA%20report%20-%20Financial%20Mechanisms%20for%20 Developing%20Countries.pdF. 50 MIF and BNEF Climatescope data provided by Arnaldo Carvalho, IDB, personal communication with REN21, December 2013. 51 European Union Energy Initiative – Partnership Dialogue Facility (EUEI-PDF), REN21, and Alliance for Rural Electrification (ARE), Mini Grid Policy Toolkit (Brussels: forthcoming 2014); IFC, op. cit. note 10. 52 Ibid. 53 Mali from IFC, op. cit. note 10; India subsidies, under the Remote Village Electrification Programme, per Hari Natarajan, Indo-German Energy Programme-GIZ (GIZ-IGEN), personal communication with REN21, December 2013; Afghanistan subsidies, under the National Solidarity Programme and the National Area-based Development Programme, per Government of Afghanistan, “National Solidarity Programme,” http://mrrd.gov. af/Content/files/MRRD-Brochure.pdf. 54 EUEI-PDF, REN21, and ARE, op. cit. note 51. 55 IFC, op. cit. note 10. 56 Ibid. 57 World Bank, “Solar Power Lights Up Future for Mongolian Herders,” 20 September 2012, www. worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2012/09/20/ solar-power-lights-up-future-for-mongolian-herders. 58 IRENA, op. cit. note 49. 59 Government of China, op. cit. note 45. 60 UN Foundation, “Country Level Action,” viewed 21 January 2014, http://www.energyaccess.org/our-work/country-level-action. 61 Atul Raturi, The University of the South Pacific School of Engineering and Physics Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, personal communication with REN21, January 2014. 62 UN Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), “UNIDO Projects for the promotion of small hydro power for productive use” (Vienna: 2010), http://www.unido.org/fileadmin/user_media/ About_UNIDO/Evaluation/Project_reports/e-book_small-hydro. PDF. 63 Ibid. 64 World Bank, Towards a Sustainable Energy for All: Directions for the World Bank Group’s Energy Sector (Washington, DC: 2013), http://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/Worldbank/document/ SDN/energy-secm2013-0281-2.pdf. 65 R. Bellanca and B. Garside, “An approach to designing energy delivery models that work for people living in poverty” (London: CAFOD and International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), 2013), http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/16551IIED. pdf. 66 Deshmukh et al., op. cit. note 43. 67 D.L. Gazzoni et al., “Science for a Better Life: Developing Regional Scientific Programs in Priority Areas for Latin America and the Caribbean,” in ICSU-LAC/CONACYT, Sustainable Energy in Latin America and the Caribbean: Potential for the Future, Volume 3 (Rio de Janeiro and Mexico City: 2010). 68 This is the first clean cook stoves project to be funded by the Climate Investment Funds. Michael Hoffman, Climate Investment Funds, MIF, personal communication with REN21, December 2013. Information based on SREP Honduras Sustainable Rural Energization, 2013, https://www.climateinvestmentfunds.org/cif/ sites/climateinvestmentfunds.org/files/ERUS_Parts_I_and_III_ IDB_Submission_with_cover_page.pdf. 69 Ibid. 70 Dalberg Global Development Advisors, India Cookstoves and Fuels Market Assessment (Washington, DC: Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, February 2013), http://www.dalberg. com/documents/Dalberg-india-cookstove-and-fuels-market- assessment.pdf. 71 Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, “Health Impacts,” http://www.cleancookstoves.org/our-work/the-issues/health- impacts.html, viewed 21 January 2014. 72 GIZ- IGEN, Ingredients for Sustainable Cookstove Interventions Lessons Learned from the Indian National Programme for Improved Cookstoves (NPIC) (New Delhi: November 2013), http://www.igen-re.in/files/igen-re_2013__ingredients_for_ sustainable_cookstove_interventions.pdf. 73 IFC, op. cit. note 10. 74 Ibid. 75 Ibid. 76 The model is being replicated with support from the Asian Development Bank (ADB), per Jiwan Acharya, ADB, personal communication with REN21, December 2013. 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