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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS – WIND POWER 178 capacity (constructed and connected to grid for testing); and operational capacity (connected, tested, and receiving tariff for electricity produced). The lowest number (operational) only registers once the feed-in tariff has been paid, which can take weeks or even months. 12 An estimated 16.2 TWh was curtailed in 2013, from Shi, op. cit. note 10. 13 China National Energy Administration, provided by Liu Minghui, CWEA, personal communication with REN21, February 2014; “China Wind Farm Idling Improves with Better Planning,” Bloomberg, 9 September 2013, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/09/china- wind-farm-idling-improves-with-better-planning. Note that a ±800 kV DC transmission line over 2,200 kilometres, from Hami in Xinjiang province to Zhengzhou in Henan, came into operation in January 2014, with 8 GW capacity for wind and coal power. In addition, several ultra-high transmission lines are planned to carry electricity from Inner Mongolia and Gansu to eastern China. In 2012, 20.8 TWh of wind power could be generated but were lost due to dispatching requirements, and unable to be consumed; this number declined to 16.2 TWh in 2013, all from Shi, op. cit. note 10. 14 Figure of 140.1 TWh and exceeding nuclear from CEC, provided by Shi Pengfei, CWEA, personal communication with REN21, 12 March 2014; and up 40% based on 100.4 TWh generated in 2012, from CEC, provided by Shi, op. cit. note 10. 15 CREEI, provided by Shi, op. cit. note 10. 16 Based on data from European Wind Energy Association (EWEA), Wind in Power: 2013 European Statistics (Brussels: February 2014), p. 3, http://www.ewea.org/fileadmin/files/library/ publications/statistics/EWEA_Annual_Statistics_2013.pdf; from GWEC, op. cit. note 3; and from WWEA, op. cit. note 1. 17 EWEA, op. cit. note 16. The EU added 11,264 MW to the grid in 2013 for a total of 117,289 MW. 18 Ibid., p. 5. 19 Market decline from ibid., p. 6; financing is becoming more challenging particularly for offshore projects, according to Shruti Shukla, GWEC, personal communication with REN21, 19 March 2014; policy uncertainty also from Sarah Azau, “Wind Energy Sector Faces Uncertainty Crisis,” Wind Directions, April 2013, p. 19. Note that 2013 additions in Europe reflect orders that were made before political uncertainty began to sweep across Europe in 2011, per GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 22. 20 EWEA, op. cit. note 16, p. 3. 21 Germany’s strong year was driven largely by developers’ efforts to install projects and acquire the best wind power purchasing terms possible before pending reform of the EEG in 2014, from EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 1, p. 5; and from C. Ender, “Wind Energy Use in Germany—Status 31.12.2013,” DEWI Magazin, February 2014, http://www.dewi.de/dewi/fileadmin/pdf/ publications/Magazin_44/07.pdf; the previous German record was set in 2002, per EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 1, pp. 3, 5. 22 Germany added 3,591.71 MW of capacity in 2013, but only 3,237 MW of that was grid-connected by year’s end (not all new offshore capacity was connected), and 236 MW was removed for repowering, from Ender, op. cit. note 21. From other sources: In 2013, Germany added 3,238 MW (of which 240 MW was grid- connected offshore) for a total of 33,730 MW, per EWEA, op. cit. note 16, pp. 4–5; 3,238 MW was added for a total of 34,250 MW grid-connected, from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 48; 3,237 MW was added, from Navigant Research, op. cit. note 1; 3,345 MW was added for a total of 34,660 MW (including installed capacity that was not grid-connected), from WWEA, op. cit. note 1; Germany’s gross additions were 3,592 MW, with net additions of 3,356 MW (accounting for repowering), including 2,761 MW onshore, for a year-end total of 34,660 MW (including about 355 MW of offshore capacity that was not grid-connected by year’s end), per Arbeitsgruppe Erneuerbare Energien-Statistik (AGEE-Stat), Erneuerbare Energien im Jahr 2013 (Berlin: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi), Berlin, 2014), http://www.bmwi. de/BMWi/Redaktion/PDF/A/agee-stat-bericht-ee-2013. 23 AGEE-Stat, op. cit. note 22. 24 The United Kingdom installed 1,883 MW for a year-end total of 10,531 MW, per EWEA, op. cit. note 16, pp. 4–5; the same numbers are used by GWEC and Navigant Research. The U.K. added 2,088 MW for a total of 10,976 MW, from U.K. Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC), Section 6 – Renewables, in Energy Trends (London: March 2014), https://www.gov. uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/ file/295362/ET_March_2014.PDF. 25 Poland added 894 MW for a total of 3,390 MW; Sweden added 724 MW for a total of 4,470 MW; Romania added 695 MW for a total of 2,600 MW; Denmark added 657 MW for a total of 4,772 MW, from EWEA, op. cit. note 16, pp. 3–5. Note that Denmark added net 626 MW for total of 4,792 MW at year’s end, per Carsten Vittrup, “2013 Was a Record-Setting Year for Danish Wind Power,” Energinet.DK, 15 January 2014, http://www.energinet.dk/ EN/El/Nyheder/Sider/2013-var-et-rekordaar-for-dansk-vindkraft. aspx. At the end of 2013, wind power accounted for 7% of Sweden’s electricity consumption, from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 23. 26 France added 631 MW for a total of 8,254 MW, and Italy added 444 MW for a total of 8,551 MW, from EWEA, op. cit. note 16, pp. 3–5. Note that France added 535 MW of wind capacity in 2013, down from 815 MW in 2012, for a total of 8,163 MW, per Commissariat Général au Développement Durable, Ministère de l’Écologie du Développement durable et de l’Énergie, “Observation et Statistiques,” Chiffres & Statistiques, no. 498, February 2014, http://www.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/IMG/ pdf/CS498.pdf. 27 Spain added 175 MW for a total of 22,959 MW from EWEA, op. cit. note 16, p. 4; 173 MW net additions for total of 22,746 MW from Red Eléctrica de España, “Potencia Instalada Peninsular (MW),” http://www.ree.es, updated March 2014; policy changes from Chris Rose, “A Closer Look at Spain,” Wind Directions, November 2013, p. 30; lowest in 16 years from EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 1, p. 9. 28 EWEA, op. cit. note 16, p. 4. 29 Ibid., p. 4. Iceland also added capacity (1.8 MW) for the first time in 2013, from idem. In addition, Bolivia added wind capacity (3 MW) for the first time in 2013, from Shukla, op. cit. note 4, 26 March 2014; and Mongolia added its first commercial wind capacity (50 MW) for a total of 50 MW from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 17. Note, however, that Bolivia and Iceland added capacity prior to, but not during, 2013; and Mongolia added 46.9 MW in 2013 for a total of 50.9 MW, from WWEA, op. cit. note 1. 30 Market contraction based on 1,729 MW added in 2013 and 2,336 MW installed in 2012, with 2012 data from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 9. 31 Figure of 1,729 MW added in 2013 for a year-end total of 20,150 MW, from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 17; and from EurObserv’ER, op. cit. note 1, p. 2; added 1,987 MW per Navigant Research, op. cit. note 1; added 1,829 MW for a total of 20,150 MW, from WWEA, op. cit. note 1. 32 “Asia Report: What’s Driving, And Hampering, India’s Wind Market Momentum,” Renewable Energy World, 5 September 2013, http:// www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/09/ asia-report-whats-driving-and-hampering-indias-wind-market- momentum-1; Natalie Obiko Pearson, “India’s Currency Plunge Derailing its $1.6 Billion Wind Industry,” Bloomberg, 3 September 2013, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2013/09/rupee-derailing-1-6-billion-india-wind-farm- revival; GWEC, op. cit. note 1, pp. 28, 58; Navigant Research, op. cit. note 1. 33 The GBI was reinstated in August 2013, retroactively from April 2012, from Shukla, op. cit. note 4, 26 March 2014. Accelerated depreciation (of 80%), a key support policy for privately-owned projects, was not yet reinstated as of year’s end, from Navigant Research, op. cit. note 1. 34 Japan added 50 MW in 2013 for a total of 2,661 MW, from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 17, and from WWEA, op. cit. note 1. Japan’s guidelines for wind power projects are stricter than those for new skyscrapers, per Steve Sawyer, GWEC, personal communication with REN21, 15 January 2014; environmental assessments for construction of large-scale wind farms in Japan take about three years, from Kazuaki Nagata, “Wind Power on Verge of Taking Off,” Japan Times, 26 February 2014, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/ news/2014/02/26/business/wind-power-on-verge-of-taking-off/#. Uw-8m_l5Np8; Thailand added 111 MW for a total of 223 MW, and Pakistan added 50 MW for a total of 106 MW, from GWEC, op. cit. note 1, p. 17. Note that Thailand added 81 MW for a total of 193 MW, and Pakistan added no capacity for a total of 106 MW, from WWEA, op. cit. note 1. Vietnam’s first commercial project came on line in 2012, and the second in 2013, from “Bac Lieu Wind-Power Project Comes on Line,” Vietnamnet.vn, 31 May 2013, http://english.vietnamnet.vn/fms/environment/75604/PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
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