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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS – SOLAR THERMAL HEATING AND COOLING 174 Thermal World, 8 July 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/ chile-so-far-no-government-compromise-extending-tax-credits; most of Chile’s systems have been installed in new social housing projects, per Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Chile: New Government to Extend Tax Credits,” Solar Thermal World, 23 January 2014, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/chile-new-government- extend-tax-credits; Eva Augsten, “Chile: Mining Sector May Be Solar Thermal’s Future,” Solar Thermal World, 24 January 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/chile-mining-sector-may- be-solar-thermals-future; Costa Rica has an annual market volume estimated at 5,000–6,000 m2 of glazed collectors, of which 30% are vacuum tubes with most imported from China, based on estimate by Stefan Frey, Swissol, cited in Bärbel Epp, “Costa Rica: Small Market but Prestigious Large-Scale Projects,” Solar Thermal World, 23 July 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/ content/costa-rica-small-market-prestigious-large-scale-projects; Uruguay has seen slow growth despite government incentives due to the lack of a financing culture and inability of most people to afford high upfront costs, plus low-quality imported systems have made people wary of investing in them, per Alejandro Diego Rosell, “Uruguay: Growing at Its Own Pace,” Solar Thermal World, 15 July 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/ uruguay-growing-its-own-pace. 21 Based on 1.3 million m2 added (6.17 million m2 at end-2012) for a total of 7.47 million m2 in operation on 31 December 2013, from Government of India, Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), “Physical Progress (Achievements),” http://www.mnre. gov.in/mission-and-vision-2/achievements/, viewed 18 January 2014. India’s market picked up in Maharashtra and Karnataka, but not in other states despite subsidies, per V. Rishi Kumar, “Implementation of Solar Projects Likely to Gather Paces, Says MNRE Secretary,” Hindu Business Line, 7 November 2013, http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/industry-and-economy/ implementation-of-solar-projects-likely-to-gather-pace-says- mnre-secretary/article5325617.ece. Note that India added 1.1 GWth for a total of 5.6 GWth, according to data from Malaviya Solar Energy Consultancy, provided by Mauthner, op. cit. note 1. 22 Japan added approximately 140 MWth in 2012 and about the same in 2013. Additions and total capacity data estimated by Institute for Sustainable Energy Policies (ISEP) based on data from Solar System Development Association, cited in ISEP, Renewables Japan Status Report 2014 (Toyko: 2014) (in Japanese) and provided by Hironao Matsubara, ISEP, personal communication with REN21, 23 April 2014. 23 Steady growth and drivers from Yongyuth Sawatdisawanee, Thailand’s Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Ministry of Energy, interview by Stephanie Banse, “Thailand: Many Enterprises Have Become Interested in the Technology,” Solar Thermal World, 6 March 2013, http:// solarthermalworld.org/content/thailand-many-enterprises-have- become-interested-technology; Thailand added 8,000 m2 of subsidised systems in 2013, down from 11,155 m2 in 2012, from Kulwaree Buranasajjawaraporn, Thai Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency (DEDE), presentation at Thai-Germany Technology Conference, Bangkok, October 2013, cited in Stephanie Banse, “Thailand: Ministry of Energy Extends Incentive Programme until 2021,” Solar Thermal World, 2 February 2014, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/thailand- ministry-energy-extends-incentive-programme-until-2021. 24 Buranasajjawaraporn, cited in Banse, op. cit. note 23. 25 Mauthner and Weiss, op. cit. note 1. 26 The market was down about 10% (to 1,624,298 m2) in 2012 relative to 2011 (1,805,675 m2), but the 2011 market was considered unusually high, and demand moves up and down from year to year, based on information from A. Hakan Alaş, ezinc, provided by Mauthner, op. cit. note 1. There are still no subsidies in Turkey per Bärbel Epp, personal communication with REN21, 26 March 2014. 27 About 60% based on an estimated 14,311.4 MWth of unglazed water collectors in operation in 2012, from Weiss and Mauthner, op. cit. note 1; 30,000 annually from Beam Engineering, Solar Heating & Cooling: Energy for a Secure Future, prepared for U.S. Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA) (Washington, DC: 2013), http://www.seia.org/research-resources/ solar-heating-cooling-energy-secure-future. 28 Ranking and capacity data from Mauthner and Weiss, op. cit. note 1. The United States added 530.2 MWth of unglazed systems and 169.2 MWth of glazed systems in 2012, for a year-end total of 14,311.4 MWth of unglazed systems and 1,935.4 MWth of glazed systems, from idem. Note that U.S. data are uncertain because the U.S. Energy Information Administration no longer tracks solar thermal and SEIA has not finalised a planned survey, from Bärbel Epp, “USA: GoSolar at SEIA’s Birthday,” Solar Thermal World, 27 January 2014, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/ usa-gosolar-seias-birthday. 29 See, for example, Jennifer Runyon, “New Hampshire Sets Thermal Renewable Energy Carve Out,” Renewable Energy World, 26 June 2012, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2012/06/hew-hampshire-sets-thermal-renewable- energy-carve-out; SEIA, “RPS Solar Carve Out Arizona,” 12 February 2013, http://www.seia.org/sites/default/files/resources/ RPS%20Solar%20Fact%20Sheet%20AZ.pdf; SEIA, “RPS Solar Carve Out Pennsylvania,” 12 February 2013, http://www.seia. org/sites/default/files/resources/RPS%20Solar%20Fact%20 Sheet%20PA.pdf; Jennifer Runyon, “Trend: U.S. States Adding Thermal Energy to Their RPS (Part 1),” District Energy, 15 August 2012, http://www.districtenergy.org/blog/2012/08/10/trend-u-s- states-adding-thermal-energy-to-their-rps-part-1/; “Small-scale Renewables: Big Problem, Small Solution,” in REW Guide to North American Renewable Energy Companies 2013, special supplement in Renewable Energy World, March–April 2013, pp. 18–24. A few states also allow utilities to meet requirements under RPS laws by buying Solar Renewable Energy Emission Certificates produced by solar water heaters. See, for example, Bärbel Epp, “USA: Solar Thermal SRECs Traded in Washington, D.C. and North Carolina,” Solar Thermal World, 27 February 2011, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/usa-solar-thermal-srecs- traded-washington-dc-and-north-carolina, and Bärbel Epp, “Maryland/USA: Solar Water Heaters Eligible for Solar Renewable Energy Credits,” Solar Thermal World, 27 April 2011, http:// solarthermalworld.org/content/marylandusa-solar-water-heaters- eligible-solar-renewable-energy-credits. 30 Based on 643.9 MWth of capacity added during 2012, of which 455 MWth was unglazed, and 5,128.2 MWth of cumulative capacity at year’s end, of which 3,045 MWth was unglazed, from Mauthner and Weiss, op. cit. note 1. 31 Tim Flannery and Veena Sahajwalla, The Critical Decade: Australia’s Future—Solar Energy (Climate Commission Secretariat, Australian Department of Industry, Innovation, Climate Change, Science Research and Tertiary Education, 2013), http:// climatecommission.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/australias- future-solar-energy-report.pdf. 32 Israel, Jordan, and Lebanon rankings from Mauthner and Weiss, op. cit. note 10; 85% of households from Observatoire Méditerranéen de l’Energie (OME), Solar Thermal in the Mediterranean Region: Market Assessment Report (Nanterre, France: September 2012), p. 37, http://www.b2match.eu/ system/stworkshop2013/files/Market_Assessment_Report_ II.pdf?1357834276; Lebanon experienced market growth averaging over 17% during 2008–2012, from Wilson Rickerson et al., Solar Water Heating Techscope Market Readiness Assessment (Paris: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 2014), prepared for UNEP, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics, Global Solar Water Heating Initiative, p. 67, http:// www.al.undp.org/content/dam/india/docs/EnE/solar-water- heating-techscope-market-readiness-assessment.pdf. 33 Mauthner and Weiss, op. cit. note 10. Egypt has a small market but has seen a rapid increase, particularly in the hotel sector, as solar thermal is a readily available option for reducing costly diesel consumption, from Bärbel Epp, “Egypt: Green Star Hotels ‘Download’ the Sun,” Solar Thermal World, 9 January 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/egypt-green-star-hotels- download-sun; thanks to a support scheme that was introduced in 2009, Tunisia had 14,000 m2 by the end of 2012, mostly in hotels, public baths, hospitals, and 30 hotels had installed systems by late 2013, from Bärbel Epp, “Tunisia Funds Solar Process Heat,” Solar Thermal World, 7 October 2013, http:// solarthermalworld.org/content/tunisia-funds-solar-process- heat; South Africa has seen success driven greatly by rising electricity prices, fear of electricity shortages, and a national rebate programme from utility Eskom, from Frank Stier, “South Africa: High Demand from Tourism Sector,” Solar Thermal World, 1 July 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/ south-africa-high-demand-tourism-sector. 34 Anton Schwarzlmüller, Domestic Solar Heating, Zimbabwe, cited in “Zimbabwe: Installing 100 Locally Produced Storage Tanks in 2013 Would Be a Big Success,” Solar Thermal World, 1 May 2013, http://solarthermalworld.org/content/zimbabwe-installing-100- locally-produced-storage-tanks-2013-would-be-big-success;PDF Image | About ElectraTherm
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