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ENDNOTES 02 MARKET AND INDUSTRY TRENDS – SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS 164 (17%), per BNEF, “China’s 12GW Solar Market Outstripped All Expectations in 2013,” press release (Beijing and Zurich: 23 January 2014), http://about.bnef.com/press-releases/ chinas-12gw-solar-market-outstripped-all-expectations-in-2013/. 12 Smaller-scale and distributed from CREIA, op. cit. note 11, and from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 5, p. 21; shift to rooftop from Giles Parkinson, “China Switches Solar PV Focus from Utility-Scale to Rooftop Market,” Renew Economy, 10 December 2013, http:// reneweconomy.com.au/2013/china-switches-solar-pv-focus- from-utility-scale-to-rooftop-market-36069; Frank Haugwitz, Will China Exceed 10 GW of New Solar PV Installations in 2014? Briefing Paper-China Solar PV Development (Beijing: AECEA, November 2013). 13 Japan added 6,900 MW for a total of 13,643 MW (recalculated from data reported in DC (direct current)), from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; 6,900 MW added also from EPIA, op. cit. note 2. p. 4. Note that Japan reports official figures in AC (alternating current), and these are converted to DC (direct current). Solar PV installation under Japan’s FIT, from January through December 2013, was reported to be 6,028 MW, from Ministry of Energy, Economy and Industry Japan, Agency of Natural Resource and Energy, “Renewable Energy Installation Under FIT (as of the end of Dec 2013) MW” (Tokyo: 20 March 2014), modified and translated by Japan Renewable Energy Foundation. 14 At the end of August 2013, rooftop installations accounted for 89% of Japan’s market by capacity, per Finlay Colville, “Recharged Japan Solar PV Industry its 10 GW of Installed Capacity,” Solar Buzz, 11 September 2013, http://www.solarbuzz.com/resources/ articles-and-presentations/recharged-japan-solar-pv-industry- hits-10-gw-of-installed-capacity; PV homes accounted for about 30% of Japan’s total residential PV market in 2012, per Junko Movellan, “New Solar Homes: Japanese Homebuilders Helping the Fight for Energy Independence,” Renewable Energy World, 29 July 2013, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2013/07/new-solar-homes-japanese-homebuilders- helping-the-fight-for-energy-independence; Sekisui House Ltd., Japan’s largest builder of single-family homes, says more than 80% of the homes it builds have solar power, per Peter Landers and Mayumi Negishi, “In Post-Tsunami Japan, Homeowners Pull Away from Grid,” Wall Street Journal, 17 September 2013, http:// online.wsj.com/article/SB100014241278873238382045790012 90288855268.html#articleTabs%3Dvideo. 15 Junko Movellan, “Recovery Report: Japan PV Manufacturers Find Their Domestic Sweet Spot,” Renewable Energy World, 12 June 2013, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/ article/2013/06/recovery-report-japan-pv-manufacturers-find- their-domestic-sweet-spot. 16 Herman K. Trabish, “Japan’s Solar Market Surge Blows Away Earlier Forecasts,” Green Tech Media, 7 November 2013, http://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/Japans-Solar- Market-Surge-Blows-Away-Earlier-Forecasts; Elisa Wood, “Japan: Solar’s Real Deal? Nation’s Large-scale Solar Market Is Booming—But Is It Sustainable?” Large Scale Solar, supplement to Renewable Energy World, May–June 2013, pp. 5–7; Japanese brand equipment from James Topham and Aaron Sheldrick, “Japan’s Solar Dream Shatters as Projects Fail,” Reuters, 19 November 2013, http://planetark.org/wen/70431. A study by the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry determined that almost 800 approved solar PV projects had failed to obtain necessary equipment and land to begin construction, per “METI Investigations Find 784 Projects Stalled,” PV News, March 2014, p. 3. 17 EPIA, op. cit. note 2. p. 4; IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1; India added 1,115 MW for a total of 2,319 MW, South Korea added 442 MW for a total of 1,467 MW, and Thailand added 317 MW for a total of 704 MW, per idem. India added 1,041.8 MW for a total of 2,323.38 MW at the end of 2013, per Akshay Urja, Bi-monthly magazine published by Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India, November-December 2012 and September- December 2013, provided by Shirish Garud, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), personal communication with REN21, December 2013. 18 EPIA, op. cit. note 1. North America includes the United States and Canada. Canada added 444 MW for a total of 1,210 MW at end 2013, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. 19 GTM Research and U.S. Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA), U.S. Solar Market Insight Report: 2013 Year-in Review (Washington, DC: 2014), Executive Summary, http://www.seia.org/ research-resources/solar-market-insight-report-2013-year-review. The United States added 4,751 MW in 2013 for a total of 12.1 GW, from idem, and added 4,750 MW for a total of 12,020 MW, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. 20 Innovative financing options include third-party ownership, pay-as-you-go solar leasing, home equity loans, and mortgages, per James Montgomery, “US Joins 10-GW Solar PV Club, Prepares for Liftoff,” Renewable Energy World, 10 July 2013, http://www. renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/article/2013/07/us-joins- 10-gw-solar-pv-club-prepares-for-liftoff; impacts of third-party leasing and pay-as-you-go from Davide Savenije and Bill Opalka, “Four Solar Trends to Watch in 2014,” Utility Dive, 17 January 2014, http://www.utilitydive.com/news/four-solar-trends-to- watch-in-2014/; home equity loans and mortgages from “U.S. Solar Market Surpasses 10 GW Mark,” PV News, February 2014, p. 8; changing the game for all consumers, from small-scale homeowner level to commercial and industrial level, from Shawn W. Kravetz, Esplanade Capital, quoted in Jamie Smith Hopkins, “Solar Projects ‘More Mainstream’ As Costs Fall,” Baltimore Sun, 20 October 2013, http://www.baltimoresun.com/business/bs-bz- businesses-going-solar-20131020,0,955547.story; Christine Beadle, “Mid-Size Solar PV Installations Accounting for Over 60% of US Project Pipeline,” Solar Buzz, 24 May 2013, http:// www.solarbuzz.com/resources/blog/2013/05/mid-size-solar- pv-installations-accounting-for-over-60-of-us-project-pipeline. See also Andreas Karelas, “Fostering Community Power: A New Pay It Forward Model for Solar,” Renewable Energy World, 12 March 2014, http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/blog/ post/2014/03/a-new-way-to-foster-community-power-a-first-of- its-kind-pay-it-forward-model-for-solar. 21 The total market was up 41%, with the residential sector up 60%, non-residential sector up 37%, and utility sector up 58%, per GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19. Large ground-mounted systems from NPD Solarbuzz, North America PV Markets Quarterly, December 2013, cited in “Record 2013 Solar PV Installations Promotes U.S. to Strongest Market Outside Asia- Pacific, According to NDP Solarbuzz,” Solar Buzz, 8 January 2014, http://www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/record-2013- solar-pv-installations-promotes-us-strongest-market-outside- asia-pa. 22 Businesses from SEIA and the Vote Solar Initiative, Solar Means Business 2013: Top U.S. Commercial Solar Users (Washington, DC: 2013). Colorado utility Xcel Energy in October chose large- scale solar PV and wind over other options based on price alone (without considering RPS or carbon costs), from Dave Levitan, “For Utility-Scale Solar Industry, Key Questions About the Future,” YaleEnvironment360, 21 November 2013, http://e360.yale. edu/feature/for_utility-scale_solar_industry_key_questions_ about_the_future/2713/, and from David Eves, CEO of Public Service Company of Colorado, an Xcel subsidiary, cited in Cathy Proctor, “Xcel Energy Hopes to Triple Colorado Solar, Add Wind Power,” Denver Business Journal, 9 September 2013, http://www. bizjournals.com/denver/blog/earth_to_power/2013/09/xcel- energy-proposes-to-triple-solar.html?page=all. 23 Ethan Howland, “Large Utility-Scale Solar Development Slows to a Crawl,” Utility Dive, 14 January 2014, http://www.utilitydive.com/ news/large-utility-scale-solar-development-slows-to-a-crawl/; Levitan, op. cit. note 22. 24 California added 2,621 MW of the total 4,751 MW installed during 2013, from GTM Research and SEIA, op. cit. note 19; successfully transition from “US Solar Market on the Path to Mainstream with 4.8 GW Installed in 2013,” PV News, April 2014, p. 8. 25 The EU had more than 80 GW and wider Europe had 81.5 GW by the end of 2013, from EPIA, op. cit. note 1. 26 Capacities added in 2013 from EPIA, op. cit. note 1; shares of global market based on IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1 and additional data for China from Masson, op. cit. note 1. Note that Europe added 22.4 GW in 2011 and 17.6 GW in 2012, from EPIA, op. cit. note 2, p. 2, and added 22 GW in 2011 and 17 GW in 2012, from IEA-PVPS, op. cit. note 1. 27 EPIA, op. cit. note 2, p. 2. For more regarding taxes on solar PV, see Ben Willis, “Bulgarian President Steps in Over Solar Levy Dispute,” PV-tech, 14 January 2014, http://www.pv-tech.org/ news/bulgarian_president_steps_in_over_solar_levy_dispute; Cristiano Dell’Oste and Michela Finizio, “Fotovoltaico sul tetto? Per il Fisco vale come una stanza in più e va accatastato,” ilsole24ore.com, 18 February 2014, http://www.ilsole24ore. com/art/tecnologie/2014-02-17/fotovoltaico-tetto-il-fisco-vale- come-stanza-piu-e-va-accatastato-175132.shtml (using Google Translate); Sophie Vorrath, “Czech Follows Spain in DecidingPDF Image | About ElectraTherm
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