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21st Aachen Colloquium Automobile and Engine Technology 2012 3 3 Utilization Concept The mechanical energy generated by the Rankine process can be delivered to the engine either directly or via a belt transmission. Compared to an electrical utilization concept the mechanical usage shows the advantage of lower energy conversion losses. A belt transmission has the advantage of reducing oscillations. In case of an expansion machine directly coupled with the engine, significant effort is necessary to dampen unfavourable oscillations. As an alternative, the expansion machine can drive a generator in order to provide electrical energy. If a piston expander is used, a gearing transmits the speed from engine speed to the working speed of the alternator. In contrast to this conceivable realization a turbine offers the possibility to attach the alternator directly in axial extension of the turbine shaft. This provides the advantage of a compact, integrated unit comprising turbine and high-speed generator. By means of a supplemental transmission, a medium speed generator can be used. Depending on the application, the electrical energy can be stored in a battery, fed to the vehicle’s electrical system or it can directly drive an electric machine in the hybridized power train. As far as the utilization concept is concerned, a clear market tendency can not be identified yet. Thus the BOSCH group examines both, the mechanical and the electrical utilization concept. Ideally, the resulting expansion machine should be able to manage both utilization concepts. 4 Simulation and Experimental Results with a Piston Machine 4.1 Design of the Piston Machine The piston expander, shown in Fig. 2, is carried out as a single-cylinder double acting type. The power take-off is at engine speed. Fig. 2: Prototype of piston machinePDF Image | Waste Heat Recovery for Commercial Vehicles with a Rankine Process
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