PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 002
4.2 Overview Chapter 4 Review of EGS and Related Technology – Status and Achievements 4.1 Scope and Organization 43 This chapter reviews several major international Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) R&D field projects, which have focused on demonstrating the feasibility of mining heat by stimulating and operating an engineered reservoir. Our rationale for covering these projects is twofold: first, to provide historical context on how the technology has progressed, as a result of public and private R&D support; and, second, to chronicle the lessons learned from these efforts, particularly as they impact our understanding of how subsurface geologic conditions influence the creation and performance of EGS. Later, in Chapter 5, we develop a general approach to designing and stimulating EGS systems, which is largely based on the body of information created by these important experiments. The remaining sections of this chapter are organized as follows: First, we provide a brief overview of the collective field effort, and then we cover each major project with a description of what was done and accomplished, as well as the “lessons learned” from each site. The major projects discussed include: Fenton Hill, in the United States; Rosemanowes, in the United Kingdom; Soultz, in France; Cooper Basin, in Australia; and Hijiori and Ogachi, in Japan – plus several other smaller projects. At the end of the chapter, we summarize the general state of understanding of EGS reservoir technologies, as well as the remaining needs for commercialscale operations. Field efforts began with the pioneering work of scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory in the early 1970s at the Fenton Hill, New Mexico, site. In the early years, the program was referred to as the Hot Dry Rock or HDR project. Later, this was replaced by Enhanced/Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS) to more correctly reflect the continuum of grade (or quality of resource) that exists among today’s commercial hydrothermal systems, the unproductive margins of hydrothermal regions, and mid to lowgeothermal gradient regions throughout the United States. The history of the worldwide effort to extract the Earth’s heat from rocks that do not have preexisting high permeability began with the Fenton Hill hot dry rock experiments. This first project was initially funded completely by the U.S. government, but later involved active collaborations under an International Energy Agency agreement with Great Britain, France, Germany, and Japan – the latter two countries providing funding ($5 million) to help support the research over a sixyear period. The objective of the project was to develop a heatextraction system in a hightemperaturegradient area with a large volume of uniform, lowpermeability, crystalline basement rock on the margin of a hydrothermal system in the Valles Caldera region of New Mexico. Building on the experience and data from the Fenton Hill project, the Rosemanowes, Hijiori, Ogachi, and Soultz projects attempted to develop further the concept of creating a reservoir in crystalline rock in other geological settings. These EGS/HDR field experiments were carried out starting about 1975 in the United Kingdom, and somewhat later in Japan, France, Sweden, and the Federal Republic of Germany (see timeline in Figure 4.1).PDF Image | Review of EGS and Related Technology
PDF Search Title:
Review of EGS and Related TechnologyOriginal File Name Searched:
egs_chapter_4.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |