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1 EP 2 713 017 A2 2 Description FIELD OF THE INVENTION [0001] Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein generally relate to systems for mechanical power production from heat recovery. DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART [0002] Organic Rankine cycles (ORC) have been used, as alternative to common water-steam Rankine cycles, for waste heat recovery processes and are used for driving electric generators, thus transforming waste heat into useful electric energy. [0003] Fig.1 illustrates a combined gas turbine-ORC cycle for electric energy production. An organic Rankine cycle is used for recovering waste heat from a gas turbine exhaust and converting it into electric energy by means of a double closed loop system. Reference number 101 indicates a gas turbine, e.g. used as a prime mover for an electric generator, schematically shown at 102. The exhaust combustion gases of the gas turbine 101 are cooled in a heat exchanger 103 and heat is extracted therefrom by means of a first closed loop 104. In the first closed loop 104 a diathermic oil is used as a heat transfer fluid to transfer the heat released by the gas turbine 101 to a fluid circulating in a second closed loop 105. The first closed loop 104 comprises a pump 106 and three serially arranged heat exchangers 107, 108 and 108a, where heat is transferred from the diathermic oil to the fluid circulating in the second closed loop 105. [0004] The second closed loop 105 is a thermodynam- ic cycle based on the Rankine principle, wherein the working fluid is an organic fluid, in particular a heavy hy- drocarbon, e.g. cyclopentane, or a refrigerant fluid with suitable characteristics. [0005] The working fluid circulating in the second closed loop 105 is heated, vaporized and superheated in the three serially arranged heat exchangers 108a, 108 and 107, respectively, and expands in a turboexpander 109. The thermodynamic characteristics of the fluid allow a dry expansion to take place, i.e. the fluid at the dis- charge side of the turboexpander 109 is still in a gaseous state. A recuperator 110 is positioned downstream of the turboexpander 109. In the recuperator 110 the hot ex- panded fluid exchanges heat with the cold, high-pressure liquid obtained by condensing the expanded fluid in a condenser 112 and then pumping the condensate at the required upper pressure of the thermodynamic cycle by means of a pump 113. The liquid delivered by the pump 113 is pumped through the recuperator 110 and then the preheater, the vaporizer and the superheater exchang- ers 108a, 108, 107 closing the loop. [0006] The turboexpander 109 is mechanically con- nected to an electric generator 115, which converts the mechanical power available on the output shaft of the turboexpander 109 into electric power. [0007] The diathermic oil and the organic fluid circulat- ing in the two closed loops allow low temperature heat sources to be exploited efficiently to produce electricity energy over a wide range of power output. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0008] Embodiments of the disclosure provide a com- bined thermodynamic system for the production of me- chanical power, comprising: a gas turbine; a turboma- chinery driven by said gas turbine; a thermodynamic or- ganic Rankine cycle, comprising a turboexpander; a heat transfer arrangement for transferring heat from exhaust combustion gases of said gas turbine to said thermody- namic organic Rankine cycle; a driven turbomachine, driven by said turboexpander. Advantageously said tur- boexpander is a integrally geared multi-stage turboex- pander. In some embodiments the turbomachinery driv- en by the gas turbine and by the turboexpander of the organic Rankine cycle each can comprise one or more compressors, for example centrifugal compressors, or compressor trains. [0009] Both thermodynamic cycles are used for me- chanical drive purposes. The system is advantageously used in installations, where mechanical power is needed for driving one or more turbomachines, and where pro- duction of electric power is neither needed nor expedient. The use of an organic Rankine cycle makes the system particularly suitable for use in locations, where water is unavailable or insufficient to run a water-steam Rankine cycle. [0010] The system can be used in oil-and-gas plants and installations. For instance, the gas turbine and the turboexpander can be used to drive compressors of a pipeline compression station or of a natural gas liquefac- tion system. [0011] According to a further aspect, the present dis- closure also relates to a method for producing mechan- ical power and driving turbomachinery, comprising the steps of: providing a gas turbine; producing mechanical power with said gas turbine and driving a turbomachinery therewith; transferring heat from exhaust combustion gases of said gas turbine to an organic Rankine cycle; producing mechanical power with said organic Rankine cycle by means of a multi-stage integrally geared multi-stage turboexpander, and driving a tur- bomachine therewith. [0012] Features and embodiments are disclosed here below and are further set forth in the appended claims, which form an integral part of the present description. The above brief description sets forth features of the var- 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 2PDF Image | organic rankine cycle for mechanical drive applications
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