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This figure shows the heat f~ow curveofor a process stream being cooled from 310 F to 160 F. The associated ORC system generates R-113 vapor at two temperature/pressure conditions. This two-pressure level cycle allows recovery of more energy from the heat source than would a single-pressure cycle. Vapor generated in each vaporizer would be expanded through a separate turbine to the same condenser pressure. The equipment to implement such a system is illustrated in Figure 11. The ORC system designer/manufacturer is perceived as having the following role: initial definition of the ORC application concept and thermodynamic cycle. ORC system design and definition of component performance specifications and interface condi tions. manufacture and supply of an equipment module (including the turbomachinery) which the A&E can conveniently incorporate in the overall installation. The ORC fluid preheater and vaporizer have the closest interface with the user's process of any of the ORC system components. The specification and procurement of these heat exchangers is viewed as the proper domain of the user and/or the A&E company, due to the following considerations: direct contribution to the integrity of the process stream importance of pressure drop in the process stream possible corrosive behavior of process fluid and special knowledge of user in combatting these characteristics tendency of process fluid to build up deposits in heat exchanter tubes and need for frequent water washing or other cleaning methods. importance of the location and relative eleva tion of these exchangers, particularly when the process fluid is a condensing fluid. impact of the user's equipment standards and specifications. The above considerations lead to significant differ ences in these heat exchangers for each ORC appli cation, and would prevent a "standard product" approach were the ORC system manufacturer to include them in his scope of supply. In retrofit installa tions, the dual constraints of required location for the ORC vaporizers and overall available space can also result in wide separation between the vaporizers and the rest of the ORC sytem equipment. In recognition of the above considerations, the role of the A&E in refinery installations, and the bene fits of standardization to the greatest extent possible, MIl has defined an ORC product module consisting of the following: turbine-generator-feedpump machine water-cooled condenser condensate pumps all ORC fluid-flow components, i.e. filters, driers, etc. all system control valves and devices not physically located on the preheaterl vaporizer local control panel incorporating the turbine governor, programmable controller, annunciator and monitors. L.. _ I I I ... .... __~:,;;:.;~---JI loUliOf> ESL-IE-81-04-90 3600kW I ,I ,, Figure 11 Implementation of Two-Pressure System INTERACTION AMONG USER, A&E, AND EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER The application of ORC systems in refineries and chemical plants is typically seen to involve three participants, i.e. • the potential user: a refinery or chemical process plant • an architectural and engineering (A&E) company, • the ORC system designer and equipment manu facturer. The dominant interest of the user is to insure the safety and continued operation of his process; waste heat recovery must take a secondary priority. He is usually committed to conservative design and opera ting practices, and his engineering staff is predomi nantly devoted to production and operation of the process. His process equipment, (heat exchangers in particular) probably has some unique design requirements arising from characteristics of the local feed stock and the process itself. The refin ery perceives the A&E as having several special attributes: demonstrated skill in design and installation of process systems. familiarity with the requirements of the process being considered for heat recovery. familiarity with the equipment specifications and working methods of the potential user. capability of designing and constructing the process stream ORC system interface so that the process cannot be jeopardized. 522 MIl 802316-1 Proceedings from the Third Industrial Energy Technology Conference Houston, TX, April 26-29, 1981PDF Image | ORC WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN REFINERIES AND CHEMICAL Process
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