Geothermal Energy from Deep Wells

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Geology An occasional newsletter for alumni and friends: December 2005. at SMU Blackwell Pushes New Applications Geothermal Energy from Deep Wells With the realities of the current energy market hit- ting home everytime we buy a tank of gasoline, it is interesting to note the lack of interest in geothermal energy as part of an overall U.S. energy strategy. Geothermal energy is hardly mentioned in the recently passed energy bill. This comes at a time when energy prices suggest a future for power generation from geothermal energy. Research Assistant Professor Dr. Jason McKenna (MS 1998; PhD. 2002) working with Professor David Blackwell and engineering colleagues from Moyes & Co., Dallas, in an article for the Oil and Gas Journal entitled, “Geothermal Electric Power Supply Possible from Gulf Coast and Mid- continent Oil Field Waters,” presents the case for using heat transported from deep oil & gas wells to generate electricity. The analysis suggests the feasibility of generating megawatts of power from small groups of wells. Electricity generation from geothermal systems is most often associated with recent sites of igneous activity, located in the western United States or in Japan, Italy, New Zealand, and Iceland. The Basin and Range province, In perhaps, the most novel use of geothermal energy, heat from the Earth powers an ammonia-based refrigeration system that cools the “Ice Hotel” at Chena Hot Springs, Alaska, during the heat of the summer. o The heat extracted from waters not much more than 60 C is sufficient to run the compressor in the refrigeration unit that keeps the gigantic igloo frozen. Photo courtesy of Gwen Holdman. important of which is water. In the west, water is a scarce commodity whereas water in the oil and gas fields is a waste byproduct that must already be disposed of by reinjection into the ground or by being hauled away (Figure 3, page 6). In the west, the population density is low and the infrastructure to transport the power must be built, whereas in the Texas oil fields the electrical infrastructure is largely in place. The heat from existing oil and gas wells is an energy source with a very high load factor that contrasts with wind and solar power that can only be used for a frac- tion of the day. It utilizes existing infrastructure to minimize the startup costs of electrical production. All that is required to capitalize on this energy source is to fit existing wells with heat exchangers and small power plants. McKenna et al. esti- mate the power generating potential at the gigawatt level for the states of Texas and Oklahoma, with significant potential for the Gulf Coast states and Arkansas. Hamilton Chair Holder David Blackwell Research Interests • Heat flow & heat production, thermal conduc- tivity, continental heat flow measurements • Geothermal energy and exploration • Effect of tectonic setting on crustal geotherms • Regional tectonics because of its high heat flow (see the Geothermal Map of North America on pages 4-5) has been an area of consider- able recent development of geothermal energy. However, large areas of the United States have heat flows above 75 mW/m2, including Texas. Such heat fluxes yield bottom hole temperatures in excess of 125 oC at 3 km depth. At 6 km depth (see Figure 2, page 3), the prospects are even better. These Texas areas have several advantages over development in the desert regions of the west, the most Published by Department of Geological Sciences, Dedman College, Southern Methodist University

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