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1 EP 2 578 800 A1 2 Description Technical Field [0001] This invention relates to a steam turbine, and particularly relates to a radial flow steam turbine in which the operating steam travels in an outflow direction, that is the radial direction perpendicular to the rotation shaft. Background Art [0002] A steam turbine operated by the dilatational en- ergy of the expanding steam is commonly used for sup- plying electric power all over the world. For enhancing the turbine efficiency, the operation steam temperature and the operating steam pressure become higher and the scale of the plant becomes larger. In some cases, the steam turbine is combined with a gas turbine for achieving the combined steam circle. On the other hand, the recycling of the wasted heat is required for reducing the carbon-dioxide. Examples of the wasted heat are the wasted heat from the diesel engine in ships, the wasted heat from the process operation in factories, and the wasted heat from garbage disposal facilities. It is desired to convert those wasted heat energy into available elec- tric energy. However, it is not achieved simply by scaling down the large scale steam turbine such as for the power plant, since the efficiency will be deteriorated. Therefore the appropriate small scale steam turbine is required cor- responding to the demand for small scale electricity gen- eration. [0003] The prior steam turbine in general converts the dilatational energy of the expanding steam into the rotary motion by utilizing the pressure difference along to the rotation shaft by supplying the steam so as to keep the steam pressure at the turbine input terminal high and the steam pressure at the turbine output terminal low. For this reason, the axial flow turbine in which the direction of the steam flow is parallel to the rotation shaft has been developed and has been up-scaled corresponding to the demand for large scale power plants. Besides the axial flow turbine, the radial flow turbine utilizing the steam pressure difference along the radial direction perpendic- ular to the rotation shaft, in other words, the outflow di- rection, is known in the prior art. The radial flow steam turbine is suitable for the small scale type turbine and is a relatively high efficiency turbine. However it is not suit- able for the large scale type turbine, so it had faded away from the market use. However, it is being reconsidered once again from the necessity of the demand for re-use of the small scale industrial wasted heat energy. The typ- ical example of the radial flow steam turbine is a Ljung- strom turbine (prior art 1, 2 and 3). [0004] The characteristic of the Ljungstrom turbine (Fig.3 shown in the prior art 1) representing the conven- tional radial flow steam turbine, which is the common base technology of the listed prior art, is that two facing rotor disks are attached respectively to the front edge of two facing rotation shafts, and the steam flow passes from the center part to the outer part in the outflow radial direction formed between these facing two rotor disks. The cluster of the rotor blades are mounted on each sur- face of the facing two rotor disks respectively. The rotor blades are arrayed annularly on concentric paths, each set of the rotor blades is arrayed on the surface of the facing two rotor disks respectively in the radial direction in order to rotate the one disk in the clockwise direction and the other disk in the counterclockwise direction by utilizing the aerial bounce generated between the rotor blades attached to the one rotor disk and the rotor blades attached to the other rotor disk (see Fig.7 of this appli- cation) Prior art 1: Tokkai 2005-105854 JP Prior art 2: Tokkai 2006-144758 JP Prior art 3: Tokkai 2005-042567 JP Prior art 4: US Patent 5071312 Prior art 5: US Patent 7244095 Disclosure of the invention The problems to be solved [0005] The above conventional Ljungstrom turbine as the conventional radial flow steam turbine includes the two facing rotor disks rotating in the clockwise and the counterclockwise respectively by utilizing the aerial bounce, and the two facing rotation shafts having the rotor disk at the front edge (Prior art 1 and 2). There is another type of the conventional radial flow steam turbine that includes a stator disk on which a cluster of stator blades are mounted, a rotor disk on which a cluster of rotor blades are mounted, and a rotation shaft on which the rotor disk is fixed (Prior art 4 and 5). The basic struc- ture of the radial flow steam turbine in these prior art 1 and 2 can employ only one rotor disk fixed to the rotation shaft. By this reason, there is a limitation on obtaining large power output. [0006] The prior art 3 and 4, in order to solve the above-mentioned problem, includes rotor blades mount- ed on the both side surface of the rotor disk, the steam passages along to the radial flow direction are formed on the both side surfaces of the rotor disk, and the plural rotor disks are installed to the rotation shaft. [0007] However, there is a problem of how to secure the steam supply to each steam passage formed in the radial outflow direction among plural disks in those prior art 1 to 4. In order to solve this problem, steam is supplied by the axial steam passage formed through the rotation shaft, the steam goes through the rotation shaft and bent to the steam passage formed on the both sides of rotor disks in the radial outflow direction via small holes opened formed in the pipe wall of the rotation shaft. However, by this method, another problem occurs with the rotation shaft due to its heat expansion because of the hot and high pressure steam. Moreover, there is a serious actual 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 2PDF Image | EP 2 578 800 A1 EUROPEAN PATENT
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