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1 EP 2 339 281 A2 2 Description [0001] This invention relates to thermal collection and storage devices. [0002] In PCT W02010/004302 a container is de- 5 scribed with a zeolite molecular sieve therein acting as a thermal storage system in which heat is taken into the system and stored until released later when needed. [0003] A specific solar panel described, as an exam- ple, is a parabolic collector, made perhaps of aluminium, 10 coated with a thermally absorbing surface, such as black paint, and the thermal connection between the collector and zeolite is high thermal conductivity metal such as aluminium. [0004] Under normal conditions, heating a zeolite to 15 drive off water vapour as part of a thermal store requires temperature within the store to be raised to 200 0C and this cannot be achieved easily or cheaply from environ- mental heat sources such as solar or geothermal in cooler climates such as those found in Northern Europe or North 20 America. [0005] In a first embodiment therefore this invention a thermal storage system comprising a zeolite molecular sieve in a container coupled to a thermal collector where- in water vapour is desorbed from the zeolite molecular 25 sieve by heating the sieve at a pressure below that of atmospheric pressure. [0006] Preferably in thermal storage system according to the invention the zeolite molecular sieve is in a con- tainer containing a body of zeolite with thermally con- 30 ducting fins extending substantially into the body of ze- olite in which said thermally conducting fins are thermally connected to a heat source. In such a thermal storage system the zeolite molecular sieve is at a higher pressure after any resorption step than during any desorption step. 35 [0007] The storage system of this invention is particu- larly useful with a thermal collector that is a solar collector and desorption occurs under reduced pressure (com- pared to atmospheric pressure) to allow the desorption of zeolite to occur at temperatures achievable by solar 40 thermal collectors. In such a system desorption can be at about 80°C. [0008] In such a system the pressure in the various parts of the system can be cycled between low and high pressures to allow desorption of water vapour from the 45 zeolite to occur at temperatures achievable by solar ther- mal collectors and adsorption of water vapour from the zeolite to occur at higher pressure to liberate heat at a higher temperature than that at which desorption occurs. At least 150°C is achievable during the adsorption stage. 50 [0009] In a thermal storage system according to the invention the pressure in the evaporator is preferably re- duced to allow water to boil at low temperatures less than 50°C and low grade heat energy is supplied to the evap- orator. By reducing the pressure in the evaporator to al- 55 low water to boil at low temperatures (say 5-50°C) and supplying low grade heat energy to the evaporator from an environmental source, such as external air outside a building in which the storage system is installed, the over- all efficiency of the system can be improved, increasing the co-efficient of performance up to 2 times. [0010] The thermal collector may, for example, be a geothermal heat collector or solar panel source. [0011] In another embodiment a thermal storage sys- tem comprises at least one thermal collector having first ducts therein for the transport of a heat collecting fluid; a thermal storage device having a container with a zeolite molecular sieve therein, the device incorporating a means to provide for unidirectional flow of water vapour on its expulsion from the zeolite molecular sieve and means to admit water vapour to the zeolite molecular sieve; one or more second fluid ducts in or around the container connected to the first ducts to provide a thermal path from the collector to the zeolite molecular sieve; a condenser to receive water vapour driven from the zeolite molecular sieve; an evaporator to supply water vapour to the zeolite molecular sieve under reduced pressure when heat is demanded of the system. [0012] The heat collecting fluid may be any suitable fluid, including gases. [0013] Water is the cheapest most convenient fluid, but refrigerants and gases such as nitrogen are easily used. [0014] The zeolite molecular sieve may be heated by the thermal collecting fluid passing through said second ducts to drive water vapour from the zeolite molecular sieve and out of the container and wherein water vapour is admitted into the zeolite molecular sieve when heat is demanded. [0015] The thermal collector having first ducts may be a conventional water circulating solar collector such as the TUBO 12TM CPC tube collectors or PLANO 26TM flat plate collectors both marketed by Consolar GmbH of Frankfurt. However there are may other similar solar col- lectors on the market which using water as the thermal transport means in the same way. Alternatively, a para- bolic mirror collector may be used focussing solar energy onto first ducts at the centre of the mirror, in some situ- ations such a collector my raise the temperature of the heat collecting fluid considerably. [0016] Conventionally such thermal collectors are cou- pled to a thermal store comprising a conventional insu- lated hot water cylinder connected to provide hot water to, say, a building. [0017] Although cheap and simple to install such ther- mal collectors were not previously generally thought to be suitable for supplying heat to buildings. To achieve the desired desorption temperature the pressure in the container should be 0.2 bar or less. [0018] In a further variant after resorption the pressure within the store to higher than that at which desorption occurs and is normally atmospheric pressure. In one em- bodiment the zeolite store, condenser, and ducting and valves there between are a hermetically sealed unit pres- surised initially at 0.2 Bar or less. [0019] In a variant on this latter embodiment a pump 2PDF Image | EP 2 339 281 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT
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