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1 EP 1 930 587 A2 2 Description BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0001] The present invention relates generally to car- 5 bon dioxide turbines. In particular, the invention relates to carbon dioxide turbines powered by a renewable en- ergy source. [0002] There is a continuing demand for clean renew- able energy sources due to the depletion of the Earth’s 10 supply of fossil fuels and concerns over the contribution to global warming from combustion of fossil fuels. Solar power towers generate electric power from sunlight by focusing concentrated solar radiation on a tower-mount- ed receiver. Solar power tower systems typically include 15 a "cold" storage tank, a solar receiver, heliostats, a "hot" storage tank, and an energy conversion system, such as a steam generator and turbine/generator set. In opera- tion, a heat transfer fluid is pumped from the cold storage tank to the solar receiver. The heat transfer fluid can be 20 any appropriate medium that has the capability to transfer heat and thermally maintain the heat in the medium, such as water, liquid metal, or molten salt. [0003] The solar receiver is typically positioned 50 feet to 250 feet (15.2 to 76.2 m) or more above ground and 25 is heated by the heliostats. The heliostats redirect and concentrate solar radiation from the sun onto the solar receiver. The heat transfer fluid flows through receiver tubes of the solar receiver where it is heated by-the con- centrated solar energy. In the solar receiver, liquid metals 30 have been used as the heat transfer fluid and can reach temperatures of approximately 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (° F) (871°C). Water/steam being used as the heat trans- fer fluid can reach peak temperatures of approximately 1050 ° F (566°C). Molten salts currently being used as 35 the heat transfer fluid can reach temperatures of approx- imately 1100 ° F (593°C). [0004] After the heat transfer fluid has been heated in the solar receiver, the heat transfer fluid typically flows into the hot thermal storage tank. The heat transfer fluid 40 is then stored in the hot thermal storage tank until it is needed for electrical power generation. The hot thermal storage tank allows for electrical power production during cloudiness or darkness. When electrical energy is need- ed, the hot heat transfer fluid is pumped from the hot 45 storage tank to an energy conversion system. The heat transfer fluid transfers the heat within the energy conver- sion system. The energy conversion system can be, for example, a Rankine cycle conversion system or a Bray- ton cycle conversion system. Brayton cycles, with the 50 use of a regenerator (also called a recuperator) typically have higher efficiencies than Rankine cycles, which have efficiencies of approximately 34% to 40%. After the heat has been removed from the heat transfer fluid, the heat transfer fluid is transported back to the cold storage tank 55 for reuse. [0005] Due to the concern of depleting natural resourc- es and the effect of pollution on global warming, there is a need in the art for a method of producing electricity using renewable resources. In addition, solar power fa- cilities typically have high capital costs, thus, there is also a need in the art for a method of producing electricity in an efficient and cost-effective manner. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION [0006] A turbine system in accordance with the inven- tion includes a supercritical carbon dioxide turbine and a solar heating system. The solar heating system has a molten salt heat transfer fluid for providing thermal ener- gy to the supercritical carbon dioxide turbine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0007] FIG. 1 is a schematic of a turbine system. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a method of using molten salt as the heat transfer fluid of a solar heating system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0008] FIG. 1 shows a schematic of turbine system 10, which generally includes solar heating system 12 and supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14. Solar heating system 12 is used to provide thermal energy to supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 up to 24 hours a day. The use of solar heating system 12 in con- junction with supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 allows for 2 efficient use of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 and increases the electric conversion efficiency of supercritical carbon dioxide turbine system 14 to approximately 46%. This increases the overall ef- ficiency of turbine system 10, reducing plant capital costs and electricity production costs. [0009] Solar heating system 12 generally includes cir- culation system 16, cold storage tank 18, solar receiver 20, heliostats 22, hot storage tank 24, and heat exchang- er 26. Circulation system 16 transports a heat transfer fluid through solar heating system 12 and generally in- cludes primary line 28, secondary line 30, cold pump 32a, and hot pump 32b. Primary line 28 carries the heat trans- fer fluid from cold storage tank 18 to solar receiver 20. Secondary line 30 carries the heat transfer fluid from hot storage tank 24 to heat exchanger 26 and back to cold storage tank 18 in a closed loop. The heat transfer fluid is pumped through primary line 28 by cold pump 32a and through secondary line 30 by hot pump 32b. [0010] In operation, the heat transfer fluid is stored in cold storage tank 18. The heat transfer fluid is pumped through cold pump 32a to solar receiver 20. Heliostats 22 redirect and concentrate solar radiation from the sun onto solar receiver 20, which converts the redirected sun- light to thermal energy. The heat transfer fluid flows through solar receiver 20 where it is heated by the con- centrated solar energy. Solar receiver 20 is capable of 2PDF Image | EP 1 930 587 A2 EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION
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