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INTERACTIONS: ENERGY/ENVIRONMENT – Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power - S. J. Goff, P. Brophy, F. Goff 5.2. Liquid Wastes 6. Noise 6.1. Mitigation and Monitoring 7. Biological Resources 7.1. Vegetation 7.2. Wildlife 7.3. Mitigation and Monitoring 8. Land Use 8.1. Issues 8.2. Mitigation 9. Future Research and Development Directions 9.1. Environmental Costs 9.2. International Cooperative Research Effort Bibliography Biographical Sketches Summary Although geothermal energy offers many environmental advantages over traditional fuel sources, it is important to remember that geothermal resources are found in diverse environments that require assessing the potential impacts of each project individually. Geothermal power is a relatively benign source of energy. For the most part, the impacts of development are positive. Minor environmental impacts are seen in certain specific areas, but mitigation measures exist for all known adverse impacts. Any large- scale construction and drilling operation produces visual impacts on the landscape, creates noise and wastes, and affects local economies. Environmental issues usually addressed during the development of geothermal fields include air quality, water quality, waste disposal, geologic hazards, noise, and biological resource and land use issues. Based on the discussion presented in the following sections, the major advantages to using geothermal resources as a major source for electrical generation can be summarized as follows: Surface water resources are rarely significantly impacted by geothermal development because an external water source is not required under normal operating conditions at most geothermal development sites. Air emissions from geothermal power plants are significantly less than from power plants using conventional fuel sources, particularly for critical noncondensable gases such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. Increased releases of these gases contribute greatly to the greenhouse effect and to other forms of environmental degradation. Wastes from geothermal projects are minimal when compared with those produced by other fuel sources. The type of wastes generated depend strongly on the physical characteristics of the resource and the type of conversion technology used. Land disrupted by geothermal power plant development is much less than that required for other energy sources. ©Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS) UNESCO – EOLSS SAMPLE CHAPTERSPDF Image | Environmental Effects of Geothermal Power
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