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NORTH EAST LAW REVIEW 177 After it was agreed that occurring emissions qualify as type (c) process emissions under waste heat recovery, too, the ratio became relevant in a different context: One of the factors of the formula for calculating the historical activity level of type (c) process emissions is the emission factor of the waste gas, which is expressed in CO2/TJ. With a larger share of carbon dioxide in the off-gas, the nominator increases, while its denominator shrinks alongside the reduced calorific value of the off-stream.130 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0.75: 621.73 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 CO2-Share in Total Off-Gas Diagram no. 6: Emission Factor versus CO2 Share The diagram above sets the emission factor into context with the share of fully oxidised carbon. The full formula modifies the equation in favour of a linear relation, but a higher share of carbon monoxide still results in a lower level of free allocation. The chart below demonstrates that with increasing chemical energy content and, thus, increasing potential for electricity production, installations generating waste gas experience a linear drop in allowance allocation (blue line); in case of a pure CO off-gas, only 74% of the resulting CO2 would be allocated as type (c) process emissions.131 Producers of waste heat electricity, meanwhile, receive a relatively high level of allowances regardless of the thermal energy content (and, thus, potential for electricity production) due to the fixed hypothetical CO/CO2 mix (red line). 130 The resulting formula for the emission factor of an off-gas with a CO-share x is 155.43 ∗ 1 tCO2/TJ 7 11 𝑥 131 0.97∗ t∗0.01011TJ/t∗( 7 tCO2/TJ−56.1tCO2/TJ∗0.667)=0.74tCO2. 11 0.01011 Emission Factor of Waste Gas (in t CO2/TJ)PDF Image | ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT
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