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166 WASTE HEAT AND EUROPEAN CLEAN ENERGY POLICIES in identifiable pipelines or ducts solely by the off-gases and cooling water.74 The diagram below shows the energy flow in a 10 MW furnace for the production of silicon- metal. Diagram no. 4: Energy flow in Silicon-Metal production in Electric Arc Furnace.75 This measurable heat, however, is not ‘consumed (...) for the production of products, for the production of mechanical energy (or) for heating or cooling’76; instead, it is merely removed from the furnace to prevent heat-related damage to the installation. In that context, the cooling water transports heat for the purpose of cooling, but the heat is not consumed for this purpose as, for example, in the utilization of the resulting steam pressure to power the gas compressor of a refrigerating system. Hence, the installations discussed in this paper do not consume measurable heat for the purposes specified in the Benchmarking Decision; they are not subject to the heat benchmark. 4.1.2.3 Fuel benchmark Where a product benchmark is not available and heat produced by fuel combustion is consumed for a specific purpose in amounts not measurable, the fuel benchmark applies.77 ‘Fuel’ is not defined in the Benchmark Decision or any accompanying document, but one of the Impact Assessments informing the drafting of the latest 74 Commission, BREF Non Ferrous Metals (2001) 546. 75 Anders Schei, Johan Tuset and Halvard Tveit, Production of High Silicon Alloys (Tapir Forlag 1998). 76 Benchmarking Decision (n 5), art 3(c). 77 Benchmarking Decision (n 5), art 3(d).PDF Image | ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT
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