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NORTH EAST LAW REVIEW 157 to enable the chemical reactions in the furnace; therefore, the heat generated by the electrodes is not waste heat.13 Depending on the product manufactured, different types of materials can be used as reducing agents to remove oxygen from the ore;14 the production of ferrosilicon requires the use of carbon-bearing products, i.e. coal and coke.15 During the process, the carbon-bearing reducing agents themselves release (thermal) energy in amounts that equal or even exceed the amount of electrical power used to trigger the reduction.16 The result is hot off-gas that needs to be cooled or released to the surroundings in order to prevent damage to the production equipment.17 A typical EAF for the production of ferro-silicon can be seen below: Diagram no. 2: Ferro-alloy production in the electric arc furnace.18 Although heat is required to run the reaction, the main purpose of adding the coal- bearing products to the process is to chemically reduce the metal oxides that are brought into the process as raw material. The energy released is therefore waste heat. 13 DG-JRC, 'Draft Reference Document on Best Available Techniques for the Non-Ferrous Metals Industries' (2009) 635. 14 ibid 635. 15 Surveillance Authority EFTA, 'Decision of 9 February 2011 on the aid to Finnfjord AS for an energy recovery system' (Finnfjord Decision) (2011)(Dec No 39/11/COL) para 2.1. 16 Finnfjord, Licence Application for Thermal Power Station (2010) 4. 17 EFTA, Finnfjord Decision (2011) para 2.1. 18 Commission, BREF Non Ferrous Metals (2001) 507 (The labels are edited).PDF Image | ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE HEAT
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