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EGEC – EUROPEAN GEOTHERMAL ENERGY COUNCIL INTRODUCTION : Combined heat and power (CHP) plants are not a new use of energy, whether it be from conventional fossil fuels or geothermal. However, what has been happening recently in the geothermal arena is the use of low-temperature resources (down to 98 °C) in combination with binary or Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power units. Two installations, one in Australia at Birdsville and one in Germany at Neustadt-Glewe, are using temperatures this low – the lowest currently operating in the World! However, there was an even lower temperature use at Paratunka, Kamchatka, Russia; a binary power plant using 81°C producing 680 kWe and the wastewater used for heating the soil and water plants in greenhouse, was in operation for a number of years in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This issue is described for high temperature CHP installations in Iceland at Svartsengi and low- temperature installations in the one mentioned above in Germany. Why CHP? The main reason is that it makes more efficient use of the resource by cascading the temperature (energy use), which in turn improves the economics of the entire system. Low temperature power generation alone is often not economical below 150 °C as the net plant efficiency for ORC units varies from 12% down to 7% (at 90 °C) Many CHP plants, especially those using a low-temperature resource, started as just a district heating project. The electric power plant was later added, and became economical, as the well and pumping systems were already in place. All the power plant designers/operators did was take some temperature off the top, yet still providing enough temperature (energy) for the district heating system. This cascaded use of geothermal energy in the form of CHP plants is for example installed in Altheim, Austria, using 106 °C to operate an approximately 700-kWe plant and providing heat to about 650 consumers. 2PDF Image | COMBINED GEOTHERMAL HEAT AND POWER PLANTS CHP
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