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Accordingly, this type of power cycle is well suited for the next generation of nuclear reactors operating primarily for base load. 13.1.10 The Main Drawbacks and Disadvantages The present work has also identified several disadvantages, actual or attributed, of the supercritical COB2B cycle, which prospective users should be aware of. For example, compared to ideal gas Brayton cycles the supercritical COB2B cycle benefits less from an increase of turbine inlet temperature and suffers more from an increase of compressor inlet temperature. Thus careful attention has to be paid to pre- cooler and heat sink system design. The supercritical COB2B cycle also optimizes around a relatively small heat source inlet to outlet temperature difference (e.g. 150 oP PC). This narrow operating range requires highly efficient recuperators: about twice as much heat is recuperated as is input by the reactor core. It is only the availability of PCHE units since about 1990 that this can be effected at sufficiently high efficiency in adequately compact units. Otherwise the advantage conferred by extremely compact turbomachinery could be off-set by excessively large heat exchangers. It should be stressed that it is mainly this technology development that allows successful and economic application of the supercritical COB2B cycle. The use of other compact or shell and tube heat exchangers at the supercritical COB2B operating pressure is difficult and would result in large units. In the 1950 – 60s time frame when first evaluated, the supercritical COB2B cycle was stigmatized by its high pressure (~20 MPa); however since then the utilities have become familiar with supercritical steam units at more than 25 MPa. Supercritical COB2B power cycles are disadvantaged by the lack of other synergistic applications. They are not well suited to fossil applications because of their high and narrow range of heat addition temperatures, which leads to high stack gas losses. COB2B circulation rates are an order of magnitude larger than both currently existent in the US supercritical COB2B pipelines for oil recovery operations and in future schemes for fossil- unit COB2B capture and sequestration. Also of note is the current lack of a simple effective means for high-efficiency part- load operation of the supercritical COB2B recompression cycle. Since nuclear plants are 294PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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