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minimal at this pressure and thus the heat rejected from the cycle is reduced. That is why past 25 MPa the additional efficiency improvement is not significant, since only the reduction of the fractional pressure drops contributes to the efficiency improvement. The selection of the operating pressure follows from Figure 13.7. For example, increasing the pressure from 15 to 20 MPa yields more than 4% efficiency improvement, while increasing it from 20 to 25 MPa yields only about 1.4% efficiency improvement and increasing the pressure from 25 to 30 MPa helps only about 0.8%. Since, currently, precise cost vs. pressure functions and detailed economic evaluations are not available it is reasonable to select 20 MPa as the current reference operating pressure. If the cycle can successfully compete with other advanced power cycles at this pressure and if future operating experience proves higher pressure more economically favorable there is room for additional efficiency improvement (supercritical steam plants are currently in service at up to 28 MPa). At any rate selection of the compressor outlet pressure of 20 MPa is conservative and does not stretch the currently available technology, while still enabling the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle to perform very well. This selection also agrees with the findings of Angelino cited earlier. The selection of the turbine inlet temperature is more straightforward. Since its effect on cycle efficiency is almost linear the turbine inlet temperature should be as high as possible given the capability of current materials and operating experience. The nuclear unit (AGR) operating experience with CO2 is up to 650oC and it is reasonable to expect that materials capable of handling pressures of 20 MPa and 650 oC are currently available, mainly because this temperature will be achieved only in the reactor and at the first stage of the turbine. Nevertheless, since there is currently no extensive operating experience with CO2 at both 650oC and 20 MPa, 550oC is selected as the basic design turbine inlet temperature, and the turbine inlet temperature of 650oC is designated as an advanced design. Because the development of high temperature materials is expected to progress in the future a turbine inlet temperature of 700oC was adopted for high performance designs to show the efficiency potential of future cycles. 278PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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