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gas boiler). This would yield net efficiency of ~ 43.3 % for a nuclear station (43.3% net nuclear station efficiency (no boiler loss included); multiplied by the boiler efficiency of 90% yields 39% net efficiency for the fossil fired station). The nuclear plant supercritical steam cycle is not as efficient as for a fossil station, because the steam cannot be reheated to the same temperature. This would hurt the efficiency of the nuclear station; also the nuclear station loads are slightly higher than in a fossil station. Therefore a net efficiency of the nuclear station supercritical steam cycle of 43 % with turbine inlet temperature of 550oC is conceivable. The basic design of the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle with best estimate turbomachinery is capable of achieving the same net efficiency with a significantly simpler, more compact and less capital cost intensive system. Thus this cycle is very attractive for possible application to liquid metal cooled reactors as well as to gas cooled reactors. In the case of helium, the story is somewhat different. By examining the cycle efficiencies we can see that the supercritical CO2 cycle at 550oC turbine inlet temperature achieves about the same cycle efficiency as a helium cycle at 750oC. However, the expected losses due to leakage and cooling are likely to reduce the net efficiency of the helium cycle to below that of the supercritical CO2 cycle. Based on the net efficiency the supercritical CO2 cycle at 550oC turbine inlet temperature is fully competitive with the helium cycle at 850oC. This does not include the other advantages of the CO2 cycle such as a simpler and more compact system that operates at significantly lower temperature, where operating experience with structural materials is abundant. However, if very high- temperature reactors and high temperature materials are developed then the helium cycle can become more efficient than the supercritical CO2 cycle, at a turbine inlet temperature greater than 950oC. One should expect, however, that developing the materials for the helium cycle would broaden the possible material selection for the CO2 cycle as well, which would allow the CO2 cycle to also operate at higher temperatures (650 – 750oC). Thus net efficiencies up to 49% will be achievable. High temperature operation aside, the supercritical CO2 cycle dominates in the range of medium temperatures (500 – 700oC) over all three other considered cycles. Its high 267PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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