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60 50 40 30 20 10 0 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 Supercritical CO2 cycle Helium Brayton cycle Supercritical steam cycle Superheated steam cycle Turbine Inlet Temperature (oC) Figure 12.10 Cycle efficiency comparison of advanced power cycles It can be observed that the supercritical CO2 cycle always outperforms the helium cycle at the same turbine inlet temperature. However, using high pressures at high temperatures is challenging. Therefore, the temperature range of 550 – 650oC with CO2 is of main importance. In this range the supercritical CO2 cycle performs better than both the supercritical steam and the superheated steam Rankine cycles. Moreover, these cycle efficiencies do not take into account all the station loads, which are going to be significantly larger in the case of the steam cycles, due to their higher complexity and need for more support systems (chemical water treatment plant etc.). If these were taken into account the supercritical CO2 cycle should have about 1% higher net efficiency than the supercritical steam cycle at 550oC. For increasing turbine inlet temperature the difference becomes even more significant. From current operational data on the supercritical steam cycle from the Pacific Gas and Electric Company [Livingston, 2002] their supercritical steam fossil stations operating at 538oC and 25 MPa turbine inlet pressure achieve a net efficiency of 39%. The net efficiency is so low mainly because of the heat leaving the system in the form of boiler losses, which are not present in the case of a nuclear station. The boiler efficiency would be on the order of 90% (for a natural 266 Cycle Efficiency (%)PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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