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basic design (turbine inlet temperature 550oC achieves a thermal efficiency of 45.3%, with a significantly simpler and less capital cost intensive cycle layout (1 PCU (see Figure 10.4) compared to 4 PCUs in the case of the multiply re-heated and inter-cooled helium Brayton cycle). Also note that supercritical CO2 at 600oC (same turbine inlet temperature) has a thermal efficiency of 47.4%, which is significantly higher. Therefore, the supercritical CO2 recompression cycle is the preferable option for the medium temperature range of 500 to 700oC from both the efficiency and cost viewpoints. Figure 12.3 shows how the thermal efficiency improvement of re-heating and inter- cooling decreases with every added stage. While the first stage of re-heating and inter- cooling introduces a significant improvement (5.9%) the second stage of re-heat and inter-cooling thermal efficiency improvement is only 2.7%. The third stage of re-heating and inter-cooling improves the thermal efficiency only by 1.6%. Based on the conclusions from Chapter 7, where the effect of re-heat on the supercritical CO2 cycle was investigated it can be concluded that using more than one stage of re-heat and inter- cooling is not economically attractive. Chapter 7 pointed out that even a 1.5% efficiency improvement was not sufficient to overcome the additional capital cost of the intermediate heat exchanger and the additional turbine body. Therefore, for re-heating and inter-cooling efficiency the improvement of 2.6 % (for the second stage of re-heat and inter-cooling) is not sufficient to overcome the additional capital cost of the intermediate heat exchanger, inter-cooler, compressor and turbine. The first stage of inter-cooling introduces about 3% efficiency improvement. Inter-cooling is much easier than re—heating, because it operates at low temperatures and uses water as a working fluid, therefore it is economically beneficial. On the other hand re-heat achieves about the same efficiency improvement as inter-cooling (~3%), but re-heaters operate at high temperatures and require an intermediate loop between the reactor and re-heaters, which is expensive and complicates the system. This indicates that while the first stage of inter- cooling is beneficial the re-heat does not appear to introduce a significant cost benefit. Detailed economic analysis would be required for the final decision regarding its implementation. This is the reason, why the ESKOM PBMR [Kumar et al., 2002] incorporates only one stage of inter-cooling. The economic benefit of additional inter- cooling stages is not economically attractive. 260PDF Image | Advanced Nuclear Power Technology Program A Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Cycle for Next Generation Nuclear Reactors
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